Biodiversity of Lecanosticta pine-needle blight pathogens suggests a Mesoamerican Centre of origin

Van der Nest, Ariska; Wingfield, Michael J.; Ortiz, Paulo C.; Barnes, Irene

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Biodiversity of Lecanosticta pine-needle blight pathogens suggests a Mesoamerican Centre of origin

Van der Nest, Ariska; Wingfield, Michael J.; Ortiz, Paulo C.; Barnes, Irene

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73156

Date: 2019-06-07

Abstract:

Lecanosticta acicola causes the disease known as brown spot needle blight (BSNB), on Pinus species. The pathogen is thought to have a Central American centre of origin. This was based on the morphological variation between isolates believed to represent L. acicola from native Pinus spp. Two species of Lecanosticta, L. brevispora and L. guatemalensis, have recently been described from Mexico and Guatemala respectively based on morphology and sequence-derived phylogenetic inference. However, the putative native pathogen, L. acicola, was not found in those areas. In this study, the species diversity of a large collection of Lecanosticta isolates from Central America was considered. Phylogenetic analyses of the BT1, ITS, MS204, RPB2 and TEF1 gene regions revealed six species of Lecanosticta, four of which represented undescribed taxa. These are described here as Lecanosticta jani sp. nov. from Guatemala and Nicaragua, L. pharomachri sp. nov. from Guatemala and Honduras, L. tecunumanii sp. nov. from Guatemala and L. variabilis sp. nov. from Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. New host and country records were also found for the previously described L. brevispora and L. guatemalensis. Lecanosticta acicola was not found in any of the samples from Central America, and we hypothesize that it could be a northern hemisphere taxon. The high species diversity of Lecanosticta found in Mesoamerica suggests that this is a centre of diversity for the genus.

Description:

Figure S1. Maximum likelihood tree representing the five known and four novel species of Lecanosticta generated from the ITS region. MP bootstrap support (> 70%) are indicated first, followed by ML bootstrap values (MP/ML, * = insignificant value). Bold branches indicate BI values > than 0.95. Dothistroma species were used as the outgroup taxa. All represented type species are indicated in bold and with a “T”. Clades indicated on the left correspond with the clades in Fig. 1. Within the L. jani clade a “Δ” next to the isolate indicates that the isolate exhibits Type 2 morphology but it groups with Subclade 1 or exhibits Type 1 morphology but groups with Subclade 2.

Figure S2. Maximum likelihood tree representing the five known and four novel species of Lecanosticta generated from the BT1 region. MP bootstrap support (> 70%) are indicated first, followed by ML bootstrap values (MP/ML, * = insignificant value). Bold branches indicate BI values > than 0.95. Dothistroma species were used as the outgroup taxa. All represented type species are indicated in bold and with a “T”. Clades indicated on the left correspond with the clades in Fig. 1.

Figure S3. Maximum likelihood tree representing the five known and four novel species of Lecanosticta generated from the MS204 region. MP bootstrap support (> 70%) are indicated first, followed by ML bootstrap values (MP/ML, * = insignificant value). Bold branches indicate BI values > than 0.95. Dothistroma septosporum was used as the outgroup taxa. All represented type species are indicated in bold and with a “T”. Clades indicated on the left correspond with the clades in Fig. 1. Within the L. jani clade a “Δ” next to the isolate indicates that the isolate exhibits Type 2 morphology but it groups with Subclade 1 or exhibits Type 1 morphology but groups with Subclade 2.

Figure S4. Maximum likelihood tree representing the five known and four novel species of Lecanosticta generated from the RPB2 region. MP bootstrap support (> 70%) are indicated first, followed by ML bootstrap values (MP/ML, * = insignificant value). Bold branches indicate BI values > than 0.95. Dothistroma species were used as the outgroup taxa. All represented type species are indicated in bold and with a “T”. Clades indicated on the left correspond with the clades in Fig. 1. Within the L. jani clade a “Δ” next to the isolate indicates that the isolate exhibits Type 2 morphology but it groups with Subclade 1 or exhibits Type 1 morphology but groups with Subclade 2.

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