2001 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 68, 2001

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/18265

Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??

CONTENTS

*Volume 68: Number 1*

Seasonal variation in cotyledoside concentration of Tylecodon wallichii (Harv.) Tolken subsp. wallichii sampled in a krimpsiekte-prevalent region	Botha, CJ, Rundberget, T, Wilkins, AL, Mulders, MSG, Flaoyen, A & Van Aardt, MP	1

Studies on the critical water mass, rehydration capability and potential, acute chill tolerance and supercooling point of Argas (Persicargas) walkerae (Acari: Argasidae)	Gothe, R & Stark, U	11

Transmission studies on Trichinella species isolated from Crocodylus niloticus and efficacy of fenbendazole and levamisole against muscle L1 stages in Balb C mice	Mukaratirwa, S, Magwedere, K, Matenga, E & Foggin, CM	21

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXIX. Helminth and arthropod parasites of Angora goats in the southern Karoo	Horak, IG, Greeff, CJ & MacIvor, KM de F	27

A chemically defined medium for the growth of Cowdria ruminantium	Zweygarth, E & Josemans, AI	37

Tick infestation of Borana cattle in the Borana Province of Ethiopia	Regassa, A	41

Closure of the ductus arteriosus of indigenous South African goats at high altitude	Ohale, LOC	47

Refugia - overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance	Van Wyk, JA	55

Research communications:

Antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in the sera of indigenous chickens in Oodi, Kgatleng, Botswana	Mushi, EZ, Binta, MG, Chabo, RG, Hyera, JMK, Thibanyane, KM & Mkaria, J	69

The establishment, composition and severity of infection of gastro-intestinal parasites and their impact on productivity of Tswana kids in southern Botswana	Nsoso, SJ, Senku, MM & Mine, OM	71

Hosts of the immature stages of the rhinoceros tick, Dermacentor rhinocerinus (Acari, Ixodidae)	Horak, IG & Cohen, M	75

Oral administration of mebendazole failed to reduce nematode egg shedding in captive African gazelles	Ortiz, J, Ruiz de Ybanez, MR, Abaigar, T, Garijo, M, Espeso, G & Cano, M	79


*Volume 68: Number 2*

Immunohistochemical and histopathological studies of fixed rabies virus in goats	Vural, SA, Berkin, S & Alcigir, G	83

Changes in some factors of the innate immunity and serum zinc and iron concentrations in pigs following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide	Andonova, M, Borissov, I & Sotirov, L	91

The impact of traditional management on seasonal internal parasite burdens and productivity of indigenous Tswana goats in southern Botswana	Nsoso, SJ, Machete, JB, Molatole, M, Ndebele, RT, Lebani, NN, Chabo, RG, Kalake, AM, Jacyna, L, Segadimo, BW & Mine, OM	101

Prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in isolates from soil collected from two horse farms in South Africa and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in the isolates from infected foals, a dog and a monkey	Picard, JA, Guthrie, AJ, Takai, S, Henton, MM, Fukushi, H & Sugimoto, C	105

Helminths in dogs belonging to people in a resource-limited urban community in Gauteng, South Africa	Minnaar, WN & Krecek, RC	111

The epidemiology of tuberculosis in free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Michel, AL, De Vos, V, Bengis, RG, Kriek, NPJ, Keet, DF, Raath, JP & Huchzermeyer, HFAK	119

Rapid detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus isolates by a triple one-step RT-PCR	Wang, ZW, Vreede, FT, Mitchell, JO & Viljoen, GJ	131

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XL. Ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and carnivore ticks on the vegetation	Horak, IG, Emslie, FR & Spickett, AM	135

Intestinal helminths of four species of skinks (Mabuya) (Sauria: Scincidae) from southern Africa	Goldberg, SR & Bursey, CR	143

Research communications:

Vaccination to control an outbreak of Mycoplasma crocodyli infection	Mohan, K, Foggin, CM, Dziva, F & Muvavarirwa, P	149

Alternative cell lines for the propagation of lumpy skin disease virus	Binepal, YS, Ongadi, FA & Chepkwony, JC	151

Continuous in vitro propagation of Cowdria ruminantium (Welgevonden stock) in a canine macrophage-monocyte cell line	Zweygarth, E & Josemans, AI	155

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia psittaci in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) at Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana	Mushi, EZ, Binta, MG, Chabo, RG, Ndebele, R & Panzirah, R	159

Book review:

Comprehensive reports on technical items presented to the International Committee or to Regional Commissions		163


*Volume 68: Number 3*

Clinical evaluation of anaemia in sheep: early trials	Van Wyk, JA, Malan, FS & Wessels, CD	165

Normal oral bacterial flora from some southern African snakes	Blaylock, RSM	175

A survey of parasitic nematode infections of chickens in rural Zimbabwe	Hove, T, Esmann, JB, Hoj, CJ, Permin, A, Nansen, P & Mukaratirwa, S	183

Epidemiological observations of Zimbabwean theileriosis: disease incidence and pathogenicity in susceptible cattle during Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal and adult seasonal activity	Latif, AA, Hove, T, Kanhai, GK, Masaka, S & Pegram, RG	187

Exposure of cattle immunized with different stocks of Theileria parva to buffalo-associated Theileria challenge on two game parks in Zimbabwe	Latif, AA, Hove, T, Kanhai, GK & Masaka, S	197

Laboratory and field investigations into the Theileria parva carrier-state in cattle in Zimbabwe	Latif, AA, Hove, T, Kanhai, GK & Masaka, S	203

Lamproglena hoi n. sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) from two yellowfish hosts, Barbus marequensis and Barbus polylepis, caught in a river in Mpumalanga, South Africa	Dippenaar, SM, Luus-Powell, WJ & Roux, F	209

Immunization of cattle against East Coast fever using Theileria parva (Marikebuni) and relaxation of tick control in North Rift, Kenya	Wanjohi, JM, Ngeranwa, JN, Rumberia, RM, Muraguri, GR & Mbogo, SK	217

Tuberculosis in kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in the Kruger National Park	Michel, AL, Keet, DF, Kriek, NPJ & Bengis, RG	225

Validity of intradermal tuberculin testing for the screening of bovine tuberculosis in Madagascar	Quirin, R, Rasolofo, V, Andriambololona, R, Ramboasolo, A, Rasolonavalona, T, Raharisolo, C, Rakotoaritahina, H, Chanteau, S & Boisier, P	231

Research communication:

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in a kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) from a commercial game farm in the Malelane area of the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa	Michel, AL, Bengis, RG, Keet, DF & Kriek, NPJ	239


*Volume 68: Number 4*

The distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in central Ethiopia	Mekonnen, S, Hussein, I & Bedane, B	243

The 3A non-structural-protein coding region of the southern African SAT type isolates differs from that of other foot-and-mouth disease viruses	Vosloo, W, Nel, LH, Heath, LE & Van Rensburg, HG	253

Multifactorial mortality in bongos and other wild ungulates in the north of the Congo Republic	Huchzermeyer, FW, Penrith, ML & Elkan, PW	263

A survey on anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in Lusaka, Zambia	Gabriel, S, Phiri, IK, Dorny, P & Vercruysse, J	271

Seroprevalence of bovine leptospirosis in Garanhuns municipal district, Pernambuco State, Brazil	Pereira, GC, Oliveira, AAF, Mota, RA, Langoni, H, Souza, MI, Navegantes, WA & Sa, MEP	275

Diversity, seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the Free State Province, South Africa	Horak, IG, Jacobs, PAH, Fourie, LJ & Kok, DJ	281

A review of the infectious diseases of African wild ruminants	Worthington, RW & Bigalke, RD	291

Effect of pavetamine on protein synthesis in rat tissue	Prozesky, L, Schultz, RA, Fourie, N, Basson, KM & Labuschagne, L	325

Research communication:

A monovalent attenuated serotype 2 bluetongue virus vaccine confers homologous protection in sheep	Hunter, P & Modumo, J	331

Book reviews		335

Author index		341

Subject index		353

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 49

Changes in some factors of the innate immunity and serum zinc and iron concentrations in pigs following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Andonova, M.; Borissov, I.; Sotirov, L.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
The changes in some factors of the innate immunity (phagocytosis, complement, lysozyme); haematological parameters - leukocytes, erythrocytes, differential white blood cell counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit and the serum concentrations of the microelements zinc and iron in six 2- to 3-months-old female piglets after the intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 were determined. It was found out that 1 h after the administration of lipopolysaccharide at the dosage rate of 10 µg/kg body weight resulted in a decrease in the phagocytic parameters, i.e. the phagocytic number and the index of phagocytic activity, which was followed by an increase in their values between post treatment hours 2 and 4. The leukocyte counts had decreased by hour 2 after the injection, but thereafter increased, and at post treatment hour 72, a leukocytosis was observed. The differential white blood cell counts were characterized by a shift to the left between hours 2 and 4 and a statistically significant increase in lymphocyte counts at hour 48 of the experiment. The serum zinc concentrations were increased an hour after the lipopolysaccharide application; after which their average values were lower. The haemolytic activities (CH₅₀) of the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation decreased. The haemolytic activity (CH₅₀) for the classical pathway began to increase at hour 48 following the treatment. Significant changes were not observed in lysozyme activity, serum iron concentrations or the related haematological parameters (erythrocytes and haemoglobin).
Effect of pavetamine on protein synthesis in rat tissue
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Schultz, R.A. (Rowena Anitra); Fourie, Niel; Basson, Karin M.; Labuschagne, Leonie; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Prozesky, Leon
Pavetamine, the active principle of plants causing gousiekte in ruminants, was found in this study to be an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the rat heart. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intra-peritoneally with 8-10 mg/kg pavetamine and the levels of protein synthesis in the different organs determined utilizing L-[4-³H]phenylalanine incorporation. In contrast to the more than 23% inhibition found in heart tissue at 4, 24 and 48 h after administration of pavetamine, the effect on the kidney, liver, spleen, intestine and skeletal muscle was minimal or returned to pretreatment levels within 48 h. These results may offer an explanation for the clinical signs observed in ruminants with gousiekte, where the heart only is affected.
A monovalent attenuated serotype 2 bluetongue virus vaccine confers homologous protection in sheep
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Hunter, P.; Modumo, J.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
An outbreak of bluetongue caused by bluetongue virus serotype 2 virus in certain Mediterranean countries during 1999/2000, presented an opportunity to produce a monovalent type 2 vaccine. Since no data have been published previously on the protection conferred by the current live attenuated bluetongue vaccine strains used in the polyvalent vaccine, a challenge experiment was performed to determine the degree of homologous protection induced by the type 2 vaccine strain. The standard vaccine dose of 5X10⁴ pfu of vaccine conferred 99.7% protection against clinical disease and no viraemia was detected in the vaccinates.
Rapid detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus isolates by a triple one-step RT-PCR
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Wang, Zheng-Wei; Vreede, F.T.; Mitchell, J.O.; Viljoen, G.J.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
A triple one-step RT-PCR was developed to screen and differentiate virulent from avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates. Three sets of oligonucleotides were designed, each specific for amplifying NDV fusion protein gene-specific RNA from virulent, avirulent or all isolates respectively. The sensitivity of one-step RT-PCR was determined using viral RNA extracted from serially diluted NDV-infected allantoic fluid and found to be 10ˉ⁵ HA units. Application of one-step RT-PCR to various NDV samples, including wild-type virulent isolates and avirulent vaccine strains, demonstrated the potential for rapid identification (3-4 h) of NDV isolates as well as the differentiation of virulent from avirulent strains.
Prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in isolates from soil collected from two horse farms in South Africa and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in the isolates from infected foals, a dog and a monkey
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Takai, S.; Henton, Marijke M.; Fukushi, H.; Sugimoto, C.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Picard, J.A.; Guthrie, Alan John
The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil isolates from two horse farms in South Africa and nine clinical isolates from six foals, a foal foetus, a dog, and a monkey was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA and 15- to 17-kDa antigens by immunoblotting. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from almost all of the soil samples obtained from the two farms with 5.0X10¹ to 3.3X10⁴ colony forming units per gram of soil. Virulent R. equi was isolated from three soil samples from one of the farms and appeared in 3.8% (three of 80 isolates), but not in any of the 182 isolates from the other farm. Of the three virulent R. equi isolates, one contained an 85-kb type I plasmid and two an 87-kb type I plasmid. Of nine clinical isolates from the foals, foal fetus, dog and monkey, five from the foals were virulent R. equi which expressed the virulence-associated antigens and contained a virulence plasmid 85-kb type I, and were all isolated from cases of pneumonia typical of that induced by R. equi in young foals living in widely separated areas in South Africa. The isolates from the other four foals, the dog and the monkey were avirulent R. equi.
Seroprevalence of bovine leptospirosis in Garanhuns municipal district, Pernambuco State, Brazil
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Oliveira, A.A.F.; Mota, R.A.; Langoni, H.; Souza, M.I.; Navegantes, W.A.; Sa, M.E.P.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Pereira, Gregory Cedric
The prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovars in dairy cattle was determined by analyzing 464 serum samples from cows on 15 properties in Garanhuns municipal district, Pernambuco State, Brazil. A microscopic seroagglutination test, including 12 serovars of Leptospira interrogans as antigens was used. Samples with titres > 100 were considered positive. Two hundred and twenty-one (47.63%) of the samples were positive to one or more serovars. The prevalence of the serovars was hardjo (21.98%), bratislava (15.73%), castellonis (11.64%), tarassovi (10.56%), pyrogenes (1.72%), icterohaemorrhagiae (1.08%), pomona (0.86%), wolffi (0.86%), grippotyphosa (0.86%), djasiman (0.43%), canicola (0.21%), and copenhageni (0.21%).
Multifactorial mortality in bongos and other wild ungulates in the north of the Congo Republic
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Elkan, P.W.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Huchzermeyer, Fritz W.; Penrith, Mary-Louise
Wildlife mortality involving bongos, Tragelaphus eurycerus, and other ungulates was investigated in the north of the Congo Republic in 1997. Four bongos, one forest buffalo, Syncerus caffer nanus, and one domestic sheep were examined and sampled. Although an outbreak of rinderpest had been suspected, it was found that the animals, which had been weakened by an Elaeophora sagitta infection and possibly also by adverse climatic conditions, had been exsanguinated and driven to exhaustion by an unusual plague of Stomoxys omega.
The 3A non-structural-protein coding region of the southern African SAT type isolates differs from that of other foot-and-mouth disease viruses
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Heath, Livio Edward; Van Rensburg, H.G. (Hester Gertruida); Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Vosloo, Wilna; Nel, Louis Hendrik
The 3A non-structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease viruses is a relatively conserved protein comprising 153 amino acids. Recent studies have demonstrated correlation between mutations in the 3A non-structural-protein-coding region, including a 10-amino acid deletion, and attenuation of the viruses in cattle. Although the 3A coding region of several type A, O and C isolates has previously been described, nucleotide sequence data of the 3A coding region of the South African Types (SAT) 1, 2 and 3 viruses are limited. Therefore, the 3A non-structural-coding region of different SAT serotypes was determined, analysed and compared to that of European, South American and Asian isolates. The 3A regions of the SAT isolates investigated differed markedly from that of types A, O, C and Asia-1, but were similar within the group.
Book reviews
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Anonymous; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
Author index
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Anonymous; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
Subject index
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Anonymous; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
A review of the infectious diseases of African wild ruminants
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Worthington, R.W.; Bigalke, R.D.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
The important viral, protozoal and bacterial diseases of wild African ruminants are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the epidemiological factors that determine the role played by these animals in the transmission of diseases to domestic stock. Examples of the converse situation where livestock serve as a source of infection for wild ruminants are also given.
Diversity, seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the Free State Province, South Africa
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Jacobs, P.A.H.; Fourie, L.J.; Kok, D.J.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Horak, Ivan Gerard
Several surveys of ticks infesting dogs belonging to owners in resource-limited and more affluent communities have been conducted in South Africa, but no such investigation has been carried out in the Free State Province of this country. The present study was initiated to meet this shortcoming. Ticks were collected from dogs at six localities in, and to the east of the city of Bloemfontein in the central region of the province. Three of these localities could be classed as resource-limited and two as affluent, while the sixth locality was an animal shelter serving all members of the public. Adult ticks belonging to nine ixodid tick species were collected, of which Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most numerous. Significantly more R. sanguineus was collected from dogs at resource-limited than at more affluent localities. The greatest proportions of these ticks attached to the backs and necks of the dogs, with the proportions being larger in long-haired than in short-haired dogs. Most R. sanguineus were collected during the warmer months particularly from January to April. The greatest proportions of Haemaphysalis leachi, the next most numerous species, were also collected from the backs and the necks of the dogs. Most of these were present during the period September to November.
The distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in central Ethiopia
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Mekonnen, Sileshi; Hussein, I.; Bedane, B.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
Ixodid ticks were collected from domestic animals, mainly cattle, in 11 administrative zones covering 84 districts in central Ethiopia over a period of 2 years (July 1996 to June 1998). Nineteen tick species were identified. Four of these belonged to the genus Amblyomma, one to Boophilus, two to Haemaphysalis, three to Hyalomma and nine to Rhipicephalus. Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were present in all 11 administrative zones and, with the exception of Afar, Boophilus decoloratus was present in nearly every district where collections were made. These three species constituted more than 50% of all ticks collected. Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicephalus bergeoni were common in the west of the survey region, and Rhipicephalus pulchellus in the east. Except for B. decoloratus, of which more females than males were collected, the numbers of male ticks recovered were equal to or exceeded those of females. Mortality in crossbred dairy cattle caused by heartwater ( Cowdria ruminantium infection) was reported during the survey period. An integrated approach to tick control is suggested.
Tuberculosis in kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in the Kruger National Park
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Keet, D.F.; Kriek, N.P.J.; Bengis, Roy G.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Michel, Anita Luise
Five kudus ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros), three bulls and two cows, within the Greater Kruger National Park complex, were diagnosed with generalized tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The lesions seen in these animals were similar to those previously reported in kudus and included severe tuberculous lymphadenitis of the nodes of the head and neck (that resulted in noticeable uni- or bilateral swelling beneath the ear), thorax, and the mesentery. All the animals also suffered from severe granulomatous pneumonia. The lesions in the lungs were more severe cranially and had a miliary distribution elsewhere in the lungs. Based on the DNA patterns of the M. bovis isolates, at least some of these kudus were infected with strains commonly present in tuberculous buffaloes, lions, cheetahs, and baboons in the Park whereas other strains from these kudus were quite different and may reflect another source of infection. The presence of tuberculous kudus in the Park is expected to complicate control measures that may be instituted to contain or eradicate the disease in the Park.
Laboratory and field investigations into the Theileria parva carrier-state in cattle in Zimbabwe
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Hove, T.; Kanhai, G.K.; Masaka, S.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik; Latif, Abdalla A.
The Theileria parva carrier-state in cattle on commercial farms on Zimbabwe was investigated using parasitological and serological methods. The proportion of cattle showing Theileria piroplasms on two farms, which had recent histories of disease outbreaks, were 64% ( n=106, total of heifers and weaned calves examined) and 71.5% ( n=60) while the proportion of T. parva antibodies for the same animals were 59% and 98.5%, respectively. On four farms where no cases of the disease occurred for over 10 years, the average proportion of animals showing piroplasms and antibodies were 55.4% (range 32-82, n=223) and 73% (range 47-91, n=223), respectively. However, on another three farms which had no history of theileriosis outbreaks these proportions were very low, being 11.4% (0-24, n=157) for piroplasms and 12.2% (5-23, n=157) for antibodies. The mean infection rate in unfed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults collected from farms with a high prevalence of cattle which were carriers of Theileria piroplasms during the tick activity season was 29% (range 12-60%) with 9.3 (range 2-18.7) mean infected acini per infected tick. The infectivity of different tick batches to susceptible cattle produced a wide spectrum of theileriosis reactions. Laboratory controlled experiments were carried out to study the persistence of T. parva (Boleni) piroplasms in cattle immunized with this strain as well as its infectivity for ticks and its subsequent transmissibility to cattle. Examination of the salivary glands of 15 batches of ticks collected from six immunized cattle on three different occasions over 18 months showed that none were infected with Theileria parasites. However, the infectivity of other ticks in the same batches to susceptible animals was demonstrated 6, 10 and 18 months after cattle had been immunized with Boleni stabilate.
A survey on anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in Lusaka, Zambia
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Gabriel, Sarah; Phiri, I.K.; Dorny, Pierre; Vercruysse, J.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
While surveys in Southern Africa indicate anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to be common in small ruminants in South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe, there have been no reports of resistance in Zambia. The objective of this study was to determine whether anthelmintic resistance occurs in Zambia, and to obtain information on nematode control practices in the country. During the rainy season six commercial sheep farms were selected in and around Lusaka and Chisamba. Worm control practices were gauged by means of a questionnaire, and the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test was performed for assessing anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. On all farms, anthelmintic treatment was the only approach used to control nematode infections. Frequency of treatment varied from twice a year to every 6 weeks and drugs of different anthelmintic groups were alternated within the same year. There was a wide range in faecal egg counts of individual sheep before treatment, with some individual counts of up to 87 000. Larval identification showed that Haemonchus was almost the only genus recovered from the faecal cultures before and after treatment. Albendazole resistance was found on five of the six farms. On each of the four farms where ivermectin gave less than 95% reduction in egg counts, there was resistance to albendazole as well. Levamisole showed an efficacy of 95% or higher on all six farms.
Validity of intradermal tuberculin testing for the screening of bovine tuberculosis in Madagascar
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Quirin, R.; Rasolofo, V.; Andriambololona, R.; Ramboasolo, A.; Rasolonavalona, T.; Raharisolo, C.; Rakotoaritahina, H.; Chanteau, S.; Boisier, P.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
A sample survey with the objective of determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis by means of an intradermal tuberculin test was conducted in Madagascar and it was found that the prevalence rate varied from 0-30% by veterinary district. In order to estimate the true prevalence, the validity of the test was investigated by assessing its sensitivity and specificity in two groups of animals from two different regions, which were destined for slaughter. In the first group where the probability of non-infected animals should have been the highest, sensitivity was estimated at 0.52 ( n=21) and specificity at 0.99 ( n=79). In the second group selected on the basis of apparent ill health of the animals in a high-prevalence bovine tuberculosis area, sensitivity was estimated at 0.8 ( n=10) and specificity at 1 ( n=12). The results obtained from both groups of cattle were not combined for statistical purposes because the sensitivity of the skin test seemed to fluctuate in relation to the chronicity of the disease. These fluctuations are discussed. However, since the first group of zebu cattle was more representative of the cattle population across the country as a whole, its results were retained as operational parameters for further screening.
Lamproglena hoi n. sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) from two yellowfish hosts, Barbus marequensis and Barbus polylepis, caught in a river in Mpumalanga, South Africa
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Dippenaar, Susan M.; Luus-Powell, Wilmien J.; Roux, F.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
Lamproglena hoi n. sp. was collected from the gill filaments of largescale yellowfish, Barbus marequensis A. Smith, 1841 and smallscale yellowfish, Barbus polylepis Boulenger, 1907 from the Spekboom River, Mpumalanga, South Africa. The genus Lamproglena is characterized. Morphological features of L. hoi are described and illustrated by means of drawings and scanning electron micrographs. This species is also compared with congener species described from other Barbus spp.
Immunization of cattle against East Coast fever using Theileria parva (Marikebuni) and relaxation of tick control in North Rift, Kenya
(Published jointly by the Agricultural Research Council, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria., 2001) Wanjohi, J.M.; Ngeranwa, J.N.; Rumberia, R.M.; Muraguri, G.R.; Mbogo, S.K.; Boomker, Jacob Diederik Frederik
A total of 90 animals was immunized against East Coast fever (ECF) using Theileria parva (Marikebuni) stock on three large-scale farms in Kiminini Division, Trans-Nzoia District, North Rift, Kenya. Another 90 cattle served as non-immunized controls. Following immunization the number of cattle with significant indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titres increased from 43.9% to 84.4% and 6.7% of the cattle developed clinical ECF reactions. Two months after immunization, the immunized and non-immunized cattle were divided into two groups one of which was dipped every 3 weeks and the other dipped when total full body tick counts reached 100. All the animals were monitored for 51 weeks for incidences of ECF and other tick-borne diseases. Twenty-four cases of ECF were diagnosed among the non-immunized cattle compared to four cases among the immunized cattle; a difference that was significant ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidences of babesiosis and anaplasmosis between the immunized and non-immunized cattle.

Browse

Recent Submissions