Abstract:
The informal poultry and pig sector in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa is of significant socio-economic importance
as it sustains livelihoods and ensures food security; yet little is known about the distribution and prevalence of infectious and
zoonotic diseases in this region. This paper reviews data published for pig and poultry diseases in the province during the last
20 years (2000–2020). The review included relevant published papers identified by a computerised literature search from Web
of Science; provincial animal health reports; the national database from the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural
Development (DALRRD); animal health reports submitted by DALRRD to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) via the
World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) interface and laboratory records. A publication was considered eligible if it
included qualitative or quantitative information on any disease affecting pigs and poultry including zoonosis. The search retrieved
174 publications, of which 26 were relevant. The review found that Newcastle disease (ND), coccidiosis and fowl pox (FP) were the
most reported avian diseases in the national database, whereas avian infectious bronchitis (AIB), ND and highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) were the most reported diseases in the OIE database. Classical swine fever (CSF) was the most reported pig disease
in both databases. The retrieved literature on pig and poultry diseases was scarce and no longer up to date, providing decision
makers with little information. The review identified important zoonotic diseases that require further studies yet failed to find
information on important neglected diseases like leptospirosis.
