Research Articles (University of Pretoria)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/121

This collection offers open access to the full text of research articles published by staff, students and affiliates of the University of Pretoria. These items are identical in content to their published counterparts. It is linked to the Research Information System and complements the Annual Research Report.

Access to the full text of UP theses and dissertations is available at UP Electronic Theses and Dissertations.

Information and guidelines for authors/ submitters available at http://www.ais.up.ac.za/openup/index.htm.

For inquiries regarding this collection or items in the collection, please contact : Hendriette Jansen van Vuuren
Tel.: +27 12 420 4712

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 40336

First record of the white root rot fungus Dematophora necatrix on indigenous South African trees
(Springer, 2025-05) Balocchi, Felipe; Wingfield, Michael J.; Paap, Trudy; felipe.balocchi@fabi.up.ac.za
The soilborne fungus Dematophora (=Rosellinia) necatrix and causal agent of white root rot, has a wide host range that includes many tree species of economic importance. The pathogen has a worldwide distribution, including reports from commercial orchards in South Africa since the 1970s. During tree health surveys conducted as part of a sentinel plant project, we detected the pathogen on two symptomatic individuals from the indigenous South African tree species Diospyros whyteana and Noronhia foveolata subsp. major. Observed symptoms included wilting and root rot, with characteristic white mycelium present under the bark. Dematophora necatrix was isolated from both hosts and its identity confirmed by sequencing two gene regions (ITS and actin). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation tests under semi-controlled conditions by inoculating the soil with bamboo sticks colonized with the fungus. Plants of both species developed similar symptoms to those observed naturally, and the fungus was successfully recovered from all symptomatic plants. This is the first record in South Africa of D. necatrix on indigenous species and outside of commercial orchards. Given the environmental threat posed we recommend the fungus is considered for regulation in South Africa.
Swallowing and oral-sensorimotor characteristics in a sample of young hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition
(Wiley, 2025-05) Eslick, Casey Jane; Kritzinger, Alta M. (Aletta Margaretha; Graham, Marien Al; Kruger, Esedra
AIM : To describe swallowing and oral-sensorimotor characteristics in a sample of young hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). METHODS : The Schedule of Oral-motor Assessment was used to compare oral-sensorimotor skills of 45 hospitalised patients with SAM (M = 15.98 months; SD = 8.03), to pairwise-matched controls (M = 15.96 months; SD = 8.08). Participants were matched for age, gender, TB, HIV-status, socio-economic status including maternal education, paternal employment, housing and transport access. Caregivers reported demographic information, feeding practices and behaviours during feeding. RESULTS : In comparison to controls (n = 6; 13.3%), participants with SAM (n = 25; 55.6%) presented with significantly more oral-sensorimotor difficulties (p < 0.001), across all consistencies except liquids from the trainer cup and bottle. Difficulties included jaw opening and stabilisation, tongue and lip control for chewing, bolus formation and transport, sustained bite and uncoordinated swallowing. Delayed sitting development significantly correlated with uncoordinated swallowing and head extension on puree and cup drinking, and multiple swallows on puree and semi-solids. Force-feeding and slow swallow initiation in semi-solids significantly correlated. Disruptive feeding behaviours and higher levels of food refusal at the beginning of meals were reported. Clinical signs of aspiration were identified. CONCLUSIONS : Oral-sensorimotor dysfunction and possible aspiration were observed in 55.6% of participants with SAM. Safe swallowing function for overall health and nutritional recovery is emphasised. Under-identification of oral-sensorimotor difficulties, lack of referral to speech-language therapists and disruption to continuity of care warrants further research.
Supernumerary teeth : a pictorial review and revised classification
(Elsevier, 2025-05) Davidson, Christy Lana; Smit, Chane; Nel, Sulette; christy.davidson@up.ac.za
Current literature regarding supernumerary teeth poses the risk of confusion as ambiguity in the terminology and classification of supernumerary teeth permits differing interpretations. Uncertainty in this regard distorts data on the true incidence and prevalence of supernumerary teeth. This pictorial review provides an overview of the current understanding regarding the development of supernumerary teeth, their positional and morphological classification, and eruptive alterations. We highlight the ambiguity in defining supernumerary teeth and propose an updated classification for the description of these teeth.
Nurse leaders' perceptions of followership development needs : a descriptive qualitative study
(Wiley, 2025-04) Mamba, Welile Magnificent; Fourie, Willem; Heyns, Tanya; u17284229@tuks.co.za
INTRODUCTION : Followership is a critical aspect of leadership because, without followers, there can be no leaders. To be successful, organizations must develop high-performance, self-developed, and self-led followers with specific values. However, organizations have traditionally prioritized developing leaders, leaving out followers in the development equation. Followership development allows nurses to learn how to work effectively in teams, fostering teamwork skills. AIM : To explore nurse leaders’ perceptions of followership development needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected via face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 10 purposively selected nurse leaders (middle and top management). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed via Braun and Clarke’s approach. FINDINGS : Participants emphasized the need for followership education for nurses. Followership should be incorporated into undergraduate nursing curricula and in-service training. Additionally, participants verbalized the need for a followership development program that should train nurse followers in communication, inter-professional collaboration, decision-making, team building, teamwork, and leadership. The participants suggested that followership could be developed by providing incentives for good followership behavior and conducting periodic performance appraisals. CONCLUSION : The participants emphasized the importance of a followership development program, which may enhance the relationship between nurse leaders and followers and contribute to positive patient outcomes. Future research needs to develop programs to develop nurses who are followers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT : Developing followers in a hospital setting is critical. Understanding needs and what a followership program should include assists nurse leaders in planning and implementing relevant programs.
GARCHX-NoVaS : a bootstrap-based approach of forecasting for GARCHX models
(Wiley, 2025) Wu, Kejin; Karmakar, Sayar; Gupta, Rangan
In this work, we explore the forecasting ability of a recently proposed normalizing and variance-stabilizing (NoVaS) transformation with the possible inclusion of exogenous variables in GARCH volatility specification. The NoVaS prediction method, which is inspired by a model-free prediction principle, has generally shown more accurate, stable and robust (to misspecifications) performance than that compared with classical GARCH-type methods. We derive the NoVaS transformation needed to include exogenous covariates and then construct the corresponding prediction procedure for multiple exogenous covariates. We address both point and interval forecasts using NoVaS type methods. We show through extensive simulation studies that bolster our claim that the NoVaS method outperforms traditional ones, especially for long-term time aggregated predictions. We also exhibit how our method could utilize geopolitical risks in forecasting volatility in national stock market indices. From an applied point-of-view for practitioners and policymakers, our methodology provides a distribution-free approach to forecast volatility and sheds light on how to leverage extra knowledge such as fundamentals- and sentiments-based information to improve the prediction accuracy of market volatility.
Predicting the conditional distribution of US stock market systemic stress : the role of climate risks
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Caporin, Massimiliano; Caraiani, Petre; Cepni, Oguzhan; Gupta, Rangan; rangan.gupta@up.ac.za
Please read abstract in the article.
Outcomes of lumen apposing metal stent placement in patients with surgically altered anatomy : multicenter international experience
(Thieme Gruppe, 2024-10) Mangiavillano, Benedetto; Ramai, Daryl; Kahaleh, Michel; Tyberg, Amy; Shahid, Haroon; Sarkar, Avik; Samanta, Jayanta; Dhar, Jahnvi; Bronswijk, Michiel; Van der Merwe, Schalk; Kouanda, Abdul; Ji, Hyun; Dai, Sun-Chuan; Deprez, Pierre; Vargas-Madrigal, Jorge; Vanella, Giuseppe; Leone, Roberto; Arcidiacono, Paolo Giorgio; Robles-Medranda, Carlos; Vasquez, Juan Alcivar; Arevalo-Mora, Martha; Fugazza, Alessandro; Ko, Christopher; Morris, John; Lisotti, Andrea; Fusaroli, Pietro; Dhaliwal, Amaninder; Mutignani, Massimiliano; Forti, Edoardo; Cottone, Irene; Larghi, Alberto; Rizzatti, Gianenrico; Galasso, Domenico; Barbera, Carmelo; Di Matteo, Francesco Maria; Stigliano, Serena; Binda, Cecilia; Fabbri, Carlo; Pham, Khanh Do-Cong; Di Mitri, Roberto; Amata, Michele; Crino, Stefano Francesco; Ofosu, Andrew; De Luca, Luca; Al- Lehibi, Abed; Auriemma, Francesco; Paduano, Danilo; Calabrese, Federica; Gentile, Carmine; Hassan, Cesare; Repici, Alessandro; Facciorusso, Antonio
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS : Although outcomes of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) placement in native anatomy have been reported, data on LAMS placement in surgically altered anatomy (SAA) are sparse. We aimed to assess outcomes of LAMS placement in patients with SAA for different indications. PATIENTS AND METHODS : This was an international, multicenter, retrospective, observational study at 25 tertiary care centers through November 2023. Consecutive patients with SAA who underwent LAMS placement were included. The primary outcome was technical success defined as correct placement of LAMS. Secondary outcomes were clinical success and safety. RESULTS : Two hundred and seventy patients (125 males; average age 61 ± 15 years) underwent LAMS placement with SAA. Procedures included EUS-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) and EUS-directed transenteric ERCP (EDEE) (n = 82), EUS-guided entero-enterostomy (n = 81), EUS-guided biliary drainage (n = 57), EUS-guided drainage of peri-pancreatic fluid collections (n = 48), and EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy (n = 2). Most cases utilized AXIOS stents (n = 255) compared with SPAXUS stents (n = 15). Overall, technical success was 98%, clinical success was 97%, and the adverse event (AE) rate was 12%. Using AGREE classification, five events were rated as Grade II, 21 events as Grade IIIa, and six events as IIIb. No difference in AEs were noted among stent types ( P = 0.52). CONLUSIONS : This study shows that placement of LAMS is associated with high technical and clinical success rates in patients with SAA. However, the rate of AEs is noteworthy, and thus, these procedures should be performed by expert endoscopists at tertiary centers.
The Australian capital gains tax main residence exemption : firm foundations or flaky footings?
(Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, 2024-09) Davis, Glenn; Evans, Christopher Charles
Professor John Taylor noted that much of the complexity in the Australian regime for the taxation of capital gains derived from the design of the main residence exemption. Building on this work, this article explores both the policy underlying this most generous concession and the legislative provisions introduced to give effect to that policy. It argues that the underlying policy has failed to provide an appropriate set of foundations for such a major concession, owing more to political pragmatism than to any notions of equity, efficiency or simplicity. These poor foundations have, in turn, meant that the legislative provisions suffer from uncertainty and ambivalence and often do not operate in an effective fashion or as intended. The article considers both policy issues and technical improvements which may lead to improved outcomes in the interpretation and operation of the exemption from capital gains arising on the disposal of the family home.
Disponibilité en eau et orientation des agriculteurs : facteurs d’adoption de pratiques écologiquement intensives dans les oasis de Kébili en Tunisie
(EDP Sciences, 2024-04) Mansour, Nada Ben; Hanafi, Anissa; Faysse, Nicolas; Jourdain, Damien
FRENCH : Dans le gouvernorat de Kébili au sud de la Tunisie, les zones irriguées se sont fortement développées ces 30 dernières années. Le système oasien traditionnel, fondé sur des cultures organisées sur trois étages et sur les complémentarités entre agriculture et élevage, a été fragilisé. De nombreux agriculteurs se sont limités à la production de dattes, à la fois dans les oasis traditionnelles et dans les nouvelles zones irriguées. Le présent article mesure l’influence de la disponibilité en eau et de différents facteurs relatifs aux orientations des agriculteurs, sur leur décision de mettre en œuvre des pratiques agricoles écologiquement intensives. Les principales pratiques étudiées sont la culture d’arbres fruitiers sous les palmiers et l’utilisation du fumier comme fertilisant. Cinquante agriculteurs, qui ont obtenu au début des années 2000 la gestion de terres agricoles dans la municipalité de Jemna, ont été interrogés. La disponibilité en eau est un facteur majeur facilitant les pratiques écologiquement intensives. Ces pratiques sont aussi favorisées par le fait que le revenu familial soit avant tout tiré de la parcelle dans la zone d’étude. Un autre facteur important est l’intérêt pour une gestion durable de l’exploitation agricole – au contraire d’une gestion visant une rentabilité à court terme. Des agriculteurs de Kébili, qui veulent faire de l’agriculture un projet économique et un projet de vie, sont ainsi prêts à mettre en œuvre des pratiques écologiquement intensives. La baisse de l’agrobiodiversité observée dans les oasis traditionnelles du Sud tunisien n’est pas inéluctable, si l’accès à l’eau est amélioré et si de tels projets de vie fondés sur l’agriculture sont plus aisément réalisables.
Does mandating corporate social and environmental disclosure improve social and environmental performance? : Broad-based evidence regarding the effectiveness of directive 2014/95/EU
(Elsevier, 2024-11) De Villiers, Charl Johannes; Dumay, John; Farneti, Federica; Jia, Jing; Li, Zhongtian
Given that the aim of corporate social and environmental disclosure mandates is to improve corporate social and environmental performance, this study investigates the impact of such mandates on performance. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we examine trends in corporate social and environmental performance before and after the introduction of Directive 2014/95/EU (hereafter, the Directive), comparing affected European companies with companies in the United States (US), based on a balanced sample of 358 European companies (excluding United Kingdom (UK) companies, because they were subject to additional regulations that came into effect around the same time) and 470 US companies from 2009 to 2020. We find that European companies' performance has not improved substantially since the Directive came into effect in 2017, nor have they improved compared to US companies. Thus, the evidence suggests that the Directive has not improved European companies’ social and environmental performance. Our study provides broad-based evidence of the (in)effectiveness of mandating corporate social and environmental disclosures to enhance performance. Our findings will be of interest to regulators considering disclosure mandates, as well as stakeholders and investors interested in enhancing social and environmental performance.
Omni-channel retailing : supply chain disruption mitigation and recovery in the South African fashion retail industry
(Eurasian Publications, 2024) Henderson, Neil; Niemann, Wesley; wesley.niemann@up.ac.za
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has generated a notable increase in the demand for online shopping, driving the global adoption of an omni-channel (OC) strategy by retailers. While it is well established that supply chain mitigation capabilities and recovery strategies can minimize the impact of supply chain disruptions (SCDs), it has not been explored in the increasingly relevant OC context. The purpose of this study was to explore the SCD mitigation capabilities and recovery strategies present in the South African OC fashion retail industry. The study was conducted among senior supply chain managers employed by OC retailers in South Africa. A generic qualitative design was employed to collect data through semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. This study identified the types and causes of OC-related SCDs that produce the negative effects associated with an OC retailing strategy. The findings showed that South African OC fashion retailers do not engage in the most effective SCD mitigation and learning practices evident in the literature. Furthermore, the findings also revealed that OC retailers’ multiple touchpoints can aid SCD recovery efforts by transferring order fulfilment between its online and offline channels. This study provides managers with an understanding of the nature of OC-related SCDs that can be used to reduce their negative effects or prevent their occurrence altogether. Managers should revisit their SCD mitigation capabilities and learning techniques to improve supply chain resiliency.
Using the circular economy to mitigate the global electronic waste challenge : a systematic literature review approach
(University of Turin, 2024-12-20) Maphosa, Mfowabo; Maphosa, Vusumuzi; mfowabo.maphosa@up.ac.za
The global electronic waste (e-waste) output is increasing at an alarming pace, albeit with limited management practices, resulting in the release of toxic anthropogenic elements that threaten the environment and public health. The linear economicmodel, which follows the take-make-consume-dispose has shaped the global economy. In contrast, the circular economy reduces wastage, recirculates raw materials, and extends the lifespan of products through repairing, refurbishing and remanufacturing. This reduces supply chain risks and product supply disruptions and creates formal jobs. This systematic literature review evaluates how the knowledge economy and modernisationgrowthhavecontributed to the e-waste burden, and how the circular economy can mitigate environmental and health effects. The study evaluatesthe impact of the circular economy and the e-waste problem. It identifies the research landscape, the key research clusters, relevant topics, and research hotspots from research output from the 949publications selected from the Scopus database published from 2014 to 2023. The analysis involvedquantitative descriptions of several metrics related to the research outputs. The analysisalsoinvolved creating network and density graphs using VoSViewer and generating the ten key topics and a word cloud using Provalis WordStat. The study also highlights the conceptual developments and current and future research trends. The findingsshow that research outputs increased substantially from two in 2014 to 257in 2023 and citations grew astronomically, from one in 2014 to 8409in 2023. The analysis reveals five research clusters: material management and resource recovery, business practices and circular economy strategies, technology integration and sustainability, recycling challenges, and environmental health and sustainablepractices.The study recommends that emerging economies should embrace the circular economy and integrate the informal sector for e-waste collection, sorting, and less complex recycling, while the formal sector conducts high-end recycling.
Portfolio optimisation using alternative risk measures
(Elsevier, 2024-09) Lorimer, Douglas Austen; Van Schalkwyk, Cornelis Hendrik; Szczygielski, Jan Jakub; henco.vs@up.ac.za
We use a numerical methods algorithm based on gradient descent to optimise investment portfolios of global indices using raw and forecasted risk measures at differing frequencies. The results permit a comparison of how the characteristics of risk measures other than the variance and standard deviation impact portfolio performance. Asymmetric risk measures result in superior portfolio returns, while risk measures incorporating unsquared deviations outperform those incorporating squared deviations. Risk measures forecasted using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) methodology do not yield significant increases in portfolio returns. Semi-absolute deviation, mean absolute deviation and downside semi-deviation perform favourably in producing higher returns.
Medicinal chemistry progression of sapanisertib, the anticancer and dual Plasmodium phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta and cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, for malaria
(American Chemical Society, 2025-06) Gachuhi, Samuel; Kamunya, Stephanie; Fienberg, Stephen; Wambua, Lynn; Salomane, Nicolaas; Mayoka, Godfrey; Taylor, Dale; Coertzen, Dina; Van der Watt, Mariette Elizabeth; Reader, Janette; Birkholtz, Lyn-Marie; Wittlin, Sergio; Krugmann, Liezl; Coulson, Lauren B.; Chibale, Kelly
We recently demonstrated that the anticancer human mTOR inhibitor sapanisertib displays antimalarial activity in a malaria mouse model of infection and inhibits multiple Plasmodium kinases, including the high-value targets phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type III beta (PI4Kβ) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Herein, we explore structure-activity relationships for sapanisertib analogues with benzyl and pyridyl substituents at the 7-position of the pyrazolopyrimidine core. New analogues with improved safety profiles were identified, including analogues with dual Plasmodium PI4Kβ and PKG inhibitory activity (exemplified by 19), as well as potent Plasmodium PI4Kβ inhibitors with minimal inhibitory activity against PKG (exemplified by 20). Compound 19 displayed potent antiplasmodium activity, high microsomal metabolic stability, and a good safety profile (hERG IC50 > 30; cytotoxicity selectivity index = 99). In vivo proof-of-concept, where a 4 × 50 mg kg-1 oral dose of 19 resulted in an 80% reduction in parasitemia in P. berghei-infected mice, further demonstrated the lead potential of this series. against respiratory-related infections with economic potential.
Hidden symmetries of 4D N = 2 gauge theories
(Springer, 2025-02) Bertle, Hanno; Pomoni, Elli; Zhang, Xinyu; Zoubos, Konstantinos; kzoubos@up.ac.za
Please read abstract in the article.
Occult hepatitis B virus infection in people with haemophilia in South Africa
(Sciendo, 2025-01) Kgotleng, O.; Msomi, N.; Mthethwa, L.D.; Potgieter, Johan; Mahlangu, J.N.; Karodia, M.; Ntabeni, Nokuthula Lumka
BACKGROUND : Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) serological markers. Despite the high prevalence of HBV infection in many communities, OBI prevalence among people with haemophilia (PWH) remains poorly characterised in South Africa. AIMS : The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of OBI and characterise viral complications of patients attending haemophilia clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Gauteng, namely, the Steve Biko Academic Hospital (SBAH), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) and Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH). METHODS : This descriptive cross-sectional study was approved by the ethics committees of each participant centre. Haemophilia patients of any severity or inhibitor status with positive serological markers of HBV infection and immunity were excluded from the study. We measured Hepatitis B DNA of those with negative serological markers using a quantitative hepatitis B PCR assay. RESULTS : Of the 76 patients screened, 66 male patients were included in the study. The median age was 29 years. Haemophilia A and haemophilia B comprised 89% and 11% of the cohort, respectively. The majority of patients were taking prophylactic factor replacement therapy (72%) as opposed to episodic therapy (28%). A total of 10 patients (15%) had inhibitors. Five patients (8%) were HIV seropositive. Ten patients (15%) had no documented evidence of being vaccinated against hepatitis B infection. Anti-hepatitis B core antibodies were positive in 5 patients (8%). All patients had a negative hepatitis B surface antigen result. All patients demonstrated negative hepatitis B PCR results. CONCLUSION : In this cohort of PWH from 3 centres, none showed evidence of occult HBV infection.
Exploring the approaches of competitive intelligence intermediaries and information service intermediaries in soliciting key intelligence and information needs
(Halmstad University, 2025-04) Maungwa, Tumelo; Laughton, Paul; tumelo.sebata@up.ac.za
PURPOSE : To thrive in a dynamic business environment, organisations use competitive intelligence to gather and analyse information on rivals and stakeholders. This process involves phases like defining needs and collecting data, typically managed by intermediaries. Despite the importance of interviewing for this task, existing literature is limited, prompting this study to explore methods from competitive intelligence and information behaviour to improve the solicitation of key intelligence needs. METHOD : The study was conducted in 2018-2024, using grounded theory (qualitative) data. The study interviewed two separate groups of intermediaries, competitive intelligence intermediaries [12] and information service intermediaries [12]. Convenience and network sampling were used. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted using Zoom and Microsoft Teams. FINDINGS : Both competitive intelligence and information service intermediaries use detailed questioning and proactive communication to uncover clients' needs effectively. They also emphasise the importance of understanding the client’s context and goals through face-to-face interactions and iterative feedback to ensure alignment and clarity in the information retrieval process. VALUE : This paper investigates a critical, yet under-explored phase of the competitive intelligence cycle of soliciting, articulating, expressing, and understanding key intelligence needs within the realm of competitive intelligence. Through a synthesis of in-depth qualitative interviews with competitive intelligence and information service intermediaries, coupled with an extensive review of existing literature, this study explores and sheds light on the roles, challenges, methods, and strategies employed by these intermediaries.
Suspect screening of bisphenol A (BPA) structural analogues and functional alternatives in human milk from Canada and South Africa
(Springer Nature, 2025-07) Chi, Zhi Hao; Liu, Lan; Zheng, Jingyun; Tian, Lei; Chevrier, Jonathan; Bornman, Maria S. (Riana); Obida, Muvhulawa; Goodyer, Cindy Gates; Hales, Barbara F.; Bayen, Stephane
BACKGROUND : Plastic-related contaminants, such as bisphenols, can enter the maternal body and be transferred to breast milk. While common bisphenols such as bisphenol A, S, F and AF have been detected in previous studies, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of other structurally similar compounds in human milk with potential endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVE : In this study, we investigated structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A (BPA) in 594 human milk samples collected from Canada (Montreal) and South Africa (Vhembe and Pretoria) using LC-Q-TOF-MS through suspect screening. METHODS : Suspect screening was performed using data collected from the milk samples using a customized database library (204 compounds). A retrospective semi-quantitative approach was then applied to estimate the levels of TGSA, D-8 and D-90 in human milk. RESULTS : This work revealed the presence of eleven compounds, including four compounds commonly used in thermal labels, four ultraviolet filters, and three synthetic antioxidants or metabolites. Retrospective semi-quantification of D-8, D-90 and TGSA revealed levels of up to 1.24, 1.98, and 0.72 ng/mL in milk, respectively. IMPACT STATEMENT : Several structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A were identified in human milk through non-targeted screening. Two other phenolic compounds (Irganox 1010 and BHT-COOH) were identified in human milk for the first time. This study highlights the importance of novel strategies in human milk biomonitoring to identify emerging contaminants to which breastfeeding infants are exposed.
A fair and reasonable exit from a company under section 163(2) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008'
(Pretoria University Law Press, 2025) Swart, Willem Jacobus Christiaan; Lombard, M.
No abstract available.
The court’s power to appoint a liquidator in terms of section 163 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008
(Juta Law Journals, 2024) Swart, Willem Jacobus Christiaan; Boraine, A. (Andre), 1957-
In Berlein v Salisburg Landy (Pty) Ltd ((3330/20) 2023 ZAMPMBHC 52 (26 Sept 2023)) het die hof ’n likwidateur kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) van die Maatskappywet 71 van 2008 aangestel. Die beslissing word gekritiseer eerstens omdat regshulp kragtens artikel 163(2) toegestaan is sonder dat ’n aansoek op grond van artikel 163 voor die hof gedien het. ’n Hof het geen diskresie om regshulp kragtens artikel 163(2) uit te oefen alvorens die gronde in artikel 163(1) bewys is nie. Tweedens het die hof ten spyte van die wye diskresie wat dit ingevolge artikel 163(2) geniet, ’n likwidateur aangestel terwyl daar verskeie alternatiewe en meer gepaste vorms van regshulp tot die hof se beskikking was wat minder drastiese gevolge vir die maatskappy en ander belanghebbendes sou inhou. Die feite en beslissing in hierdie saak lig sekere probleme en potensiële probleme met betrekking tot die formulering van artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet toe. Artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet wat die hof magtig om ’n likwidateur aan te stel, word vergelyk met artikel 241(3)(b) van die Kanadese Corporations Act (RSC 1985 c C-44) en artikel 233(2) van die Australiese Corporations Act 2001. Die regsposisie in Engeland word ook oorweeg. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat alhoewel die regshulp in die laasgenoemde bepalings in die Kanadese en Australiese reg oënskynlik soortgelyk is aan die regshulp wat in artikel 163(2)(b) vervat is, is daar belangrike verskille in die formulering daarvan. Die bewoording van artikel 163(2)(b) van die wet is boonop uit pas met ander bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse regsbeginsels en statutêre bepalings in die volgende opsig: In Suid-Afrika word ’n likwidateur aangestel deur die meester van die hooggeregshof en nie deur ’n hof nie. Kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) kan ’n likwidateur aangestel word wanneer dit vir die hof voorkom dat die betrokke maatskappy insolvent is. Die bewoording van hierdie artikel is problematies, aangesien die hof blykbaar nou die likwidasie van ’n maatskappy kan beveel sonder enige konkrete gronde of bewyse dat die maatskappy insolvent is. Daar word gevolglik geargumenteer dat die hof se vertolking van artikel 163(2)(b) foutief is aangesien die hof nagelaat het om artikel 163(2)(b) saam met die gronde vermeld in artikel 163 te lees. Die hof se bevinding dat blote bewerings van wanbestuur aanduidend is van ’n maatskappy se insolvensie wat ’n bevel kragtens artikel 163(2)(b) regverdig, word ook krities onder die loep geneem. Die outeurs beveel enkele wysigings tot artikel 163(2)(b) aan.

Browse

Recent Submissions