Abstract:
Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common
and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We
critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidencebased
treatment and prevention recommendations. Although
the pathophysiology of EAMCs appears controversial, recent
evidence suggests that EAMCs are due to a confluence of
unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors rather than a singular
cause. The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include
self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until
symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the
clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on
patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the
onset of EAMCs. For EAMC prevention, clinicians should
obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique
risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will
likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more
fluids).
