Abstract:
The effects of climate change on water resources could be numerous and widespread, affecting water
quality and water security across the globe. Variations in rainfall erosivity and temporal patterns, along with
changes in biomass and land use, are some of the impacts climate change is projected to have on soil erosion.
Sedimentation of watercourses and reservoirs, especially in water-stressed regions such as sub-Saharan Africa,
may hamper climate change resilience. Modelling sediment yield under various climate change scenarios is
vital to develop mitigation strategies which offset the negative effects of erosion and ensure infrastructure
remains sustainable under future climate change. This study investigated the relative change in sediment
yield with projected climate change using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for a rural catchment
in South Africa for the period 2015–2100. Data from six downscaled Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCM)
were divided into three shorter time periods, namely, 2015–2034, 2045–2064 and 2081–2100. Results were
then compared with a control scenario using observed data for the period 2002–2017. The results show that, if
left unmanaged, climate change will likely lead to greater sediment yield, of up to 10% more per annum. Peak
sediment yield will also increase almost three-fold throughout the century. The study shows that projected
climate change will have multiple negative effects on soil erosion and emphasised the need for changes in
climate to be considered when embarking on water resource developments.
