dc.contributor.author |
Morake, Mokhitli
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Coertzen, Dina
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Ngwane, Andile
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Wentzel, Johannes F.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Wong, Ho Ning
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Smit, Frans J.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Birkholtz, Lyn-Marie
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Pietersen, Ray-Dean
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Baker, Bienyameen
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Wiid, Ian
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
N'Da, David D.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Haynes, Richard K.
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2019-04-01T06:56:50Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2019-04-01T06:56:50Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2018-01 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
To evaluate the feasibility of developing drugs that may be active against both malaria and tuberculosis (TB) by using in part putative cholesterol transporters in the causative pathogens and through enhancement of passive diffusion in granulomatous TB, artemisinin–cholesterol conjugates were synthesized by connecting the component molecules through various linkers. The compounds were screened in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Antimalarial activities (IC50) against Pf drug‐sensitive NF54, and drug‐resistant K1 and W2 strains ranged from 0.03–2.6, 0.03–1.9, and 0.02–1.7 μm. Although the compounds are less active than the precursor artemisinin derivatives, the cholesterol moiety renders the compounds relatively insoluble in the culture medium, and variation in solubilities among the different compounds may reflect in the range of efficacies observed. Activities against Mtb H37Rv were assessed using a standardized colony‐forming unit (CFU) assay after 24 h pretreatment of cultures with each of the compounds. Percentage inhibition ranged from 3–38 % and 18–52 % at 10 and 80 μm, respectively. Thus, in contrast to the comparator drug artemether, the conjugates display enhanced activities. The immediate aims include the preparation of conjugates with enhanced aqueous solubilities, assays against malaria and TB in vivo, and for TB, assays using an infected macrophage model and assessment of granuloma influx. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Biochemistry |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
hj2019 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The South African Medical Research Council (MRC) with funds from the National Treasury under its Economic Competitiveness and Support Package. The South African National Research Foundation (NRF) is thanked for financial support to R.K.H. (NRF UIDs 90682 and 98934). H.N.W., F.S., J.F.W., D.D.N., and R.K.H. also thank the North‐West University for financial support. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/18607187 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Morake, M., Coertzen, D., Ngwane, A. et al. 2018, 'Preliminary evaluation of artemisinin–cholesterol conjugates as potential drugs for the treatment of intractable forms of malaria and tuberculosis', ChemMedChem, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 67-77. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1860-7179 (print) |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
1860-7187 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1002/cmdc.201700579 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/68724 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Wiley |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : 'Preliminary evaluation of artemisinin–cholesterol conjugates as potential drugs for the treatment of intractable forms of malaria and tuberculosis', ChemMedChem, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 67-77, 2018, doi : 10.1002/cmdc.201700579. The definite version is available at : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/18607187. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Malaria |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Tuberculosis (TB) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Colony‐forming unit (CFU) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
In vitro |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
IC50 |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Human cell |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
HEK293 cell line |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Embryo |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Drug synthesis |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Drug solubility |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Drug screening |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Drug cytotoxicity |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Drug conjugation |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
CFU counting |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Antimalarial activity |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Antibacterial activity |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Animal cell |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Conjugates |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Cholesterol |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Artemisinins |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Preliminary evaluation of artemisinin–cholesterol conjugates as potential drugs for the treatment of intractable forms of malaria and tuberculosis |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Postprint Article |
en_ZA |