dc.contributor.author |
Rollin, Halina B.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Olutola, Bukola Ganiyat
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Channa, K.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Odland, Jon Oyvind
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2017-11-15T05:19:41Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2017-11-15T05:19:41Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2017-10-16 |
|
dc.description |
S1 Individual data. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
BACKGROUND : Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) has been shown to have negative and irreversible health
impacts on foetal and early childhood development, affecting morbidity and mortality in
adulthood. This study aimed to assess in utero Pb exposure, examine birth outcomes, and
identify confounding factors in the large cohort of South African population, following the legislated
removal of Pb from petrol.
METHODS : Lead was measured in the maternal blood, urine and cord blood using Inductive Coupled
Plasma Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The statistical analyses included Spearman's correlation,
Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann Whitney), Kruskal-Wallis rank tests and multivariate linear
regression.
RESULTS : Overall, the geometric mean (GM) of Pb in maternal blood (PbB) was 1.32 μg/dL (n = 640;
95% CI, 1.24±1.40). In the subset cohort, the GM of paired maternal PbB and cord blood
(PbC) was 1.73 μg/dL (n = 350; 95% CI, 1.60±1.86) and 1.26 μg/dL (n = 317; 95% CI, 1.18±
1.35), respectively with a positive correlation between the log PbB and the log PbC (rho =
0.65, p = <0.001). Birth outcomes showed geographical differences in the gestational age
(p<0.001), birth length (p = 0.028) and head circumference (p<0.001), Apgar score at 5 min
(p<0.001) and parity (p<0.002). In female neonates, a positive association was found
between PbC and head circumference (rho = 0.243; p<0.016). The maternal PbB levels
were positively correlated with race, educational status, water sources, cooking fuels and
use of pesticides at home.
CONCLUSIONS : This study has demonstrated not only the positive impact that the introduction of unleaded
petrol and lead-free paint has had on in utero exposure to Pb in South Africa, but has also
contributed new data on the topic, in a region where such data and scientific investigations
in this field are lacking. Future research should evaluate if similar effects can be detected in
young children and the adult population. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH) |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2017 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The National Research Foundation (NRF), South
Africa (Grant 64528 to HBR) and the Research
Council of Norway, the Arctic Monitoring and
Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the
Norwegian Royal Ministry for Foreign Affairs (RER-
09/126 to JØO). |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.plosone.org |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
RoÈllin HB, Olutola B, Channa K, Odland JØ
(2017) Reduction of in utero lead exposures in
South African populations: Positive impact of
unleaded petrol. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0186445.
https://DOI.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0186445. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1932-6203 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1371/journal.pone.0186445 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63156 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Public Library of Science |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2017 Rollin et al. This is an open
access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Early childhood development |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Mortality |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Adulthood |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Infants |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Women |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Pregnancy |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Children |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Essential metals |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Essential elements |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Birth outcomes |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Cord blood |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Blood lead |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Reduction of in utero lead exposures in South African populations : positive impact of unleaded petrol |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |