Isolation and characterization of the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae) leaf extracts

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dc.contributor.author Makhafola, Tshepiso Jan
dc.contributor.author Elgorashi, Esam E.
dc.contributor.author McGaw, Lyndy Joy
dc.contributor.author Awouafack, Maurice D.
dc.contributor.author Verschaeve, Luc
dc.contributor.author Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas
dc.date.accessioned 2017-10-07T09:24:43Z
dc.date.available 2017-10-07T09:24:43Z
dc.date.issued 2017-09-06
dc.description Additional file 1: Supplementary data en_ZA
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND : Mutations play a major role in the pathogenesis and development of several chronic degenerative diseases including cancer. It follows, therefore that antimutagenic compound may inhibit the pathological process resulting from exposure to mutagens. Investigation of the antimutagenic potential of traditional medicinal plants and compounds isolated from plant extracts provides one of the tools that can be used to identify compounds with potential cancer chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum. METHODS : The methanol leaf extract of C. microphyllum was evaluated for antimutagenicity in the Ames/microsome assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. TA100 and TA102. Solvent-solvent fractionation was used to partition the extracts and by using bioassay-guided fractionation, three compounds were isolated. The antimutagenic activity of the three compounds were determined in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102. The antioxidant activity of the three compounds were determined by the quantitative 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)- free radical scavenging method. The cytotoxicity was determined in the MTT assay using human hepatocytes. RESULTS : A bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts for antimutagenic activity led to the isolation of three compounds; n-tetracosanol, eicosanoic acid and arjunolic acid. Arjunolic acid was the most active in all three tested strains with a antimutagenicity of 42 ± 9.6%, 36 ± 1.5% and 44 ± 0.18% in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102 respectively at the highest concentration (500 μg/ml) tested, followed by eicosanoic acid and n-tetracosanol. The antioxidant activity of the compounds were determined using the quantitative 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging method. Only arjunolic acid had pronounced antioxidant activity (measured as DPPH-free scavenging activity) with an EC50 value of 0.51 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were determined in the MTT assay using human hepatocytes. The compounds had low cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested with LC50 values >200 μg/ml for n-tetracosanol and eicosanoic acid and 106.39 μg/ml for arjunolic acid. CONCLUSIONS : Based on findings from this study, compounds in leaf extracts of C. microphyllum protected against 4- NQO and MMC induced mutations as evident in the Ames test. The antimutagenic activity of arjunolic acid may, at least in part, be attributed to its antioxidant activity resulting in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species produced during mutagenesis. en_ZA
dc.description.department Paraclinical Sciences en_ZA
dc.description.librarian am2017 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship The National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF) to JNE IPPR 95991, NRF to EEE KISC 69805 Medical Research Council of South Africa SIR to JNE and the University of Pretoria. en_ZA
dc.description.uri http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmccom/plementalternmed en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Makhafola, T.J., Elgorashi, E.E., McGaw, L.J., Awouafack, M.D., Verschaeve, L. & Eloff, J.N. 2017, 'Isolation and characterization of the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae) leaf extracts', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 17, art. no. 446, pp. 1-8. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 1472-6882 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1186/s12906-017-1935-5
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62604
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher BioMed Central en_ZA
dc.rights © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. en_ZA
dc.subject Combretum microphyllum en_ZA
dc.subject n-TetracosanoL en_ZA
dc.subject Eicosanoic acid en_ZA
dc.subject Arjunolic acid en_ZA
dc.subject Antimutagenicity en_ZA
dc.subject Cytotoxicity en_ZA
dc.subject Antioxidant activity en_ZA
dc.title Isolation and characterization of the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae) leaf extracts en_ZA
dc.type Article en_ZA


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