The aim was to evaluate apical debris extrusion produced by a single-file system used in counter-clockwise reciprocation and compare it to rotary single-file systems used in clockwise rotation and clockwise reciprocation. ...

INTRODUCTION : There are currently no documented publications on an endodontic procedure performed on a maxillary second premolar with three roots and three root canals within a South African population. This is a rare ...

The primary cause of a periapical inflammatory lesion is intra-radicular microbial infection. Prevention and elimination of apical periodontitis is achieved through successful endodontic treatment. Endodontic treatment is ...

Provisional crowns may be used for many weeks during healing of soft tissues, while other dental procedures are being performed and whilst the permanent restorations are being fabricated. The provisional occlusion they ...

Disturbances in histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation may include genetic or environmental factors. These disturbances often lead to dental anomalies. This paper reviews the aetiology, clinical and radiographic ...

A prosthodontist was recently called by a dentist who was asking for advice about a patient who was anaesthetized and lying in the chair at that time. The patient was partially dentate in the mandible, with severe periodontal ...

It is well described that the presence of microbial flora in the pulp space of the tooth, and the inability of the immune system to remove these pathogens, are the major sources of peri-apical and radicular inflammation. 1 ...