The daily requirement for calcium and phosphorus by giraffes to sustain the growth and maintenanceof their skeletons is large. The source of sufficient calcium is browse. The source of necessary phosphorus is obscure, but ...

When a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) lowers its head to drink, blood could enter the jugular vein from the inferior vena cava or regurgitate from the jugular veins into the cranial veins. We investigated the anatomy of ...

Tooth mark frequencies on long bones are examined from the assemblages of all three extant bone-collecting hyaenids. Comparisons are made with a recent study examining tooth mark frequencies and possible sources of variation ...