Abstract:
A correlation between neutralization activity after severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has been demonstrated by several studies. Here, we detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAB)
production in COVID-19 patients from the Steve Biko Academic Hospital complex (SBAH), South
Africa (SA). Samples from COVID-19 patients (mild to severe) were collected. SARS-CoV-2 rapid
assays, genotyping (Delta and Omicron variants) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)
were performed. IBM® Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) version 28 was used for
inferential statistical analysis, and the data were presented using the Prism9 software (version 9.4.1).
A total of 137 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, 12 vaccine recipients and 8 unvaccinated
participants were evaluated. The production of SARS-CoV-2 NABs was observed in some of the
COVID-19 cases, mainly in severe cases, although this should be noted with caution due to the small
sample size of this pilot study. NABs were also observed in asymptomatic participants, with the most
being found in recipients (n = 6) of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine. We found a
strong presence of NABs in COVID-19 patients, specifically in mild and severe cases. Severe infection
was associated with higher NAB production (82%).
