New vaccine introductions in WHO African region between 2000 and 2022

Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana; Iwu, Chidozie Declan; Jaca, Anelisa; Wiysonge, Charles Shey

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New vaccine introductions in WHO African region between 2000 and 2022

Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana; Iwu, Chidozie Declan; Jaca, Anelisa; Wiysonge, Charles Shey

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/95560

Date: 2023-11-16

Abstract:

Significant progress has been made in vaccine development worldwide. This study examined the WHO African Region’s vaccine introduction trends from 2000 to 2022, excluding COVID-19 vaccines. We extracted data on vaccine introductions from the WHO/UNICEF joint reporting form for 17 vaccines. We examined the frequency and percentages of vaccine introductions from 2000 to 2022, as well as between two specific time periods (2000–2010 and 2011–2022). We analysed Gavi eligible and ineligible countries separately and used a Chi-squared test to determine if vaccine introductions differed significantly. Three vaccines have been introduced in all 47 countries within the region: hepatitis B (HepB), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Between 2011 and 2022, HepB, Hib, IPV, the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) were the five most frequently introduced vaccines. Hepatitis A vaccine has only been introduced in Mauritius, while Japanese encephalitis vaccine has not been introduced in any African country. Between 2000–2010 and 2011–2022, a statistically significant rise in the number of vaccine introductions was noted (p < 0.001) with a significant positive association between Gavi eligibility and vaccine introductions (p < 0.001). Significant progress has been made in the introduction of new vaccines between 2000 and 2022 in the WHO African Region, with notable introductions between 2011 and 2022. Commitments from countries, and establishing the infrastructure required for effective implementation, remain crucial.

Description:

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data used for this study were publicly available.

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : TABLE S1: Summarises the number of Gavi eligible and ineligible countries that have introduced each new vaccine. FIGURE S1: Status of Hepatitis B vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. Figure S2: Status of Hib vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. Figure S3: Status of IPV introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. Figure S4: Status of MCV2 introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S5: Status of PCV introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S6: Status of rotavirus vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURES7: Status of rubella vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S8: Status of yellow fever vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S9: Status of HPV vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S10: Status of IPV2 introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S11: Status of meningococcal meningitis vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S12: Status of HepB birth dose vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S13: Status of seasonal influenza vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S14: Status of mumps vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S15: Status of acellular vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022. FIGURE S16: Status of hepatitis A vaccine introduction in the WHO African region as of May 2022.

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