Abstract:
BACKGROUND : Waterborne diarrhea diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. These
diseases can be mitigated by implementing various interventions. We reviewed the literature to identify available
interventions to mitigate the risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases.
METHODS : We conducted a systematic database review of CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health
Literature), PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane library, Scopus, African Index Medicus (AIM), and
LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Our search was limited to articles published
between 2009 and 2020. We conducted the review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement checklist. The identified studies were qualitatively synthesized.
RESULTS : Our initial search returned 28 773 articles of which 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies
reported interventions, including vaccines for rotavirus disease (monovalent, pentavalent, and Lanzhou lamb vaccine);
enhanced water filtration for preventing cryptosporidiosis, Vi polysaccharide for typhoid; cholera 2-dose vaccines,
water supply, water treatment and safe storage, household disinfection, and hygiene promotion for controlling
cholera outbreaks.
CONCLUSION : We retrieved few studies on interventions against waterborne diarrheal diseases in low-income countries.
Interventions must be specific to each type of waterborne diarrheal disease to be effective. Stakeholders must
ensure collaboration in providing and implementing multiple interventions for the best outcomes.
Description:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :
ADDITIONAL FILE 1: Supplementary Table 1. Search Strategy for review of
interventions to mitigate risk of waterborne diarrheal diseases.
ADDITIONAL FILE 2: Appendix 1. Included and Excluded Studies with
Reasons.
ADDITIONAL FILE 3: Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of studies
included in the systematic review.
ADDITIONAL FILE 4: Supplementary Table 3. Objectives, participants, interventions and results of the studies included in the systematic review
