Abstract:
The necessity of energy is continuously increasing, whereas fossil fuel sources are gradually
depleting. Tomitigate this problem, fish processingwaste of the bluespotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii),
available in the Borneo region, was investigated for an alternative feedstock of bioenergy production.
The fish wastes are hazardous for the environment, whereas the biodiesel from fish waste is pollutionfree
and produces less contaminant gas and carbon dioxide than fossil fuel. From the proximate
analysis, the moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of the fish waste were
achieved as 4.88%, 63.80%, 15.03%, and 16.29%, respectively. The proportion of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen was found as 42.06%, 5.99%, 10.77%, 0.91%, and 40.27%, respectively,
from the ultimate analysis. The calorific value was 21.53 MJ/kg, which would be highly effective in
biofuel production. The morphology analysis results of the biomass are favorable for renewable energy
sources. The major bondage between carbon and hydrogen and oxygen was found using Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry
revealed that the highest weight loss occurred at 352 C temperature with a decomposition rate of
4.57 wt.%/min in pyrolysis circumstances, and at 606 C temperature with a decomposition rate of
3.77 wt.%/min in combustion conditions. In the pyrolysis process for 25 C/min heating rate, the
yield of biochar, bio-oil, and bio-syngas was found as 33.96, 29.34, 23.46% at 400 C, 47.72, 49.32,
33.87% at 500 C, and 18.32, 21.34, 42.37% at 600 C, respectively. The characteristics and pyrolysis
yields of fish waste are suitable for being an effective renewable energy source.
