Abstract:
BACKGROUND : Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting the
majority of patients worldwide, including in South Africa. The control of HTN and prevention
of complications are major challenges for patients and healthcare workers. The proper control
of the disease requires a multifactorial approach consisting of medical treatment, as well as
lifestyle modification, with the assistance of healthcare workers. Addressing patients’ beliefs,
the practice of lifestyle and acceptance of change are some of the ways of aiding control.
METHODS : The researchers used a cross-sectional and descriptive survey to establish the
knowledge and practices of lifestyle modifications in patients with hypertension. A validated
questionnaire was adopted. A total of 250 participants from the Extension 6 Clinic in
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, constituted the study population.
RESULTS : Most of the participants had borderline high blood pressure (37.2%) or uncontrolled
high blood pressure (46%). The participants’ knowledge of HTN and its complications was not
adequate. The study established that increased age and long duration of HTN were associated
with high numbers of uncontrolled HTN. Most of the participants (88.8%) had difficulty
exercising. Also, most of the participants (90.8%) did not have a place or facility for exercises.
Fifty per cent of the participants were unable to maintain a balanced healthy diet which
included fruits and vegetables.
CONCLUSION : The study explored the participants’ knowledge and practice of lifestyle
modification. The participants lacked knowledge regarding the definition of HTN and the
meaning of controlled HTN. To assist the patients and improve on the identified pitfalls, each
consultation session should include some methods of education, and motivation for healthy
behaviours and lifestyle modification. This should be extended to all the people visiting the health facilities for them to adopt a healthier diet, greater intake of vegetables and availability
of fitness facilities for the community.
