dc.contributor.author |
Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)
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dc.contributor.author |
Venter, Elna
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dc.contributor.other |
University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology |
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dc.coverage.spatial |
Africa |
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dc.coverage.spatial |
South Africa |
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dc.date.accessioned |
2008-12-22T08:32:36Z |
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dc.date.available |
2008-12-22T08:32:36Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2002 |
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dc.description |
Colour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG, 72 ppi. Photo 1: 27.6 kb; Photo 2: 9.66 kb; Photo 3: 18.5 kb. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria. |
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dc.description.abstract |
DISTRIBUTION:
• An exotic plant that can be found in suburban gardens throughout southern Africa.
• Originally from Europe.
• Nerium oleander is now a declared weed in South Africa. |
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dc.description.abstract |
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION:
General: Large multi-stemmed evergreen shrub.
Leaves: Stiff, dark green, narrow, hairless leaves. They are usually arranged in whorls of three and have a conspicuous, closely parallel venation. All parts of the plant contain watery latex.
Flowers: Showy flowers are clustered at the ends of the branches. They can be dark red, pink or white and “single” with 5 petals (N. oleander) or “double”, pink and fragrant (N. indicum).
Fruit: A pod that splits open longitudinally to reveal the tufted seeds, which are distributed by the wind. |
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dc.description.abstract |
TOXIC PRINCIPLE:
Nerium oleander contains several cardenolides such as oleandrin and adigosid. |
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dc.description.abstract |
SYNDROME:
Acute poisoning by cardenolide-containing plants. Also refer to “Tulp poisoning”. |
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dc.description.abstract |
SYSTEMS AFFECTED:
Cardiovascular system. |
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dc.description.abstract |
CLINICAL SIGNS:
• Paralysis
• Breathing difficulties
• Quick, but weak heartbeat. |
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dc.description.abstract |
NECROPSY:
Macroscopical findings:
• Not specific - rather negative
• Subepi- and endocardial haemorrhages
• Lung oedema, congestion, emphysema
• Ruminal atony and enteritis - even haemorrhagic
• Leaves present in rumen. |
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dc.description.abstract |
HISTOPATHOLOGY:
In more chronic cases small foci of degeneration of cardiac musculature are seen occasionally. |
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dc.description.abstract |
TREATMENT:
• Activated charcoal is very effective.
• Dose 2g/kg.
• Large dose is essential.
• Adsorption and fixation of excess in rumen.
• Even retro-diffusion back from plasma.
• Minimize stress to prevent catecholamine release.
Additional treatment for valuable animals:
1. Lignocaine.
2. ß-blocking agents
3. ACP: Tranquillizer (multipotent blocker)
4. Atropine (if AV-block is present). |
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dc.description.uri |
http://www.library.up.ac.za/vet/poison |
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dc.identifier.citation |
Botha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa. |
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dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8515 |
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dc.rights |
©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues. |
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dc.source |
Original format: University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. |
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dc.subject |
Plant poisoning |
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dc.subject |
Toxicology |
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dc.subject |
Plant poisoning in animals |
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dc.subject |
Poisonous plants |
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dc.subject |
Cardenolide |
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dc.subject |
Oleandrin |
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dc.subject |
Adigosid |
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dc.subject.lcsh |
Poisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, Southern |
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dc.subject.lcsh |
Veterinary toxicology |
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dc.title |
Nerium species |
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dc.title.alternative |
Oleander |
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dc.title.alternative |
Selonsroos |
af |
dc.title.alternative |
Nerium indicum |
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dc.title.alternative |
Nerium oleander |
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dc.type |
Still Image |
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