Abstract:
Reports in the literature indicate that species of Hepatozoon commonly occur in African wild dog (AWD) or
painted wolf (Lycaon pictus) populations. These findings were based on examination of blood smears by microscopy,
and specific identity of the Hepatozoon sp. gamonts seen could not be confirmed. We present the first
in-depth molecular data on the prevalence of species of Hepatozoon in a free-ranging AWD population. In a
general health survey of AWDs in the Kruger National Park, blood specimens (n = 74) collected from 54 individuals
were examined for the presence of Hepatozoon spp. At first sampling, specimens from 42 of 54 individuals
(77.7%) were positive, based on the primer set HepF300 and HepR900. Twenty individuals were
resampled between 51 and 69 days after first sampling; one of these was resampled twice. Samples from six
individuals that had tested negative previously now reacted positive. Assuming that all 54 individuals were still
alive, the prevalence had therefore increased to 48 individuals infected, or 88.8%. Resultant 18S rDNA sequences
isolated from these specimens share high similarity to other Hepatozoon canis genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis
recovered the Hepatozoon sp. isolated from AWDs within the H. canis cluster, which includes species of Hepatozoon
from other canid and tick hosts.
