Single and multi-temporal assessment approach of natural resources using remote sensing

Abstract

The study area of this project is located in Makhado Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa. The Limpopo Province is commonly known for being rich in the country?s natural resources. It has a number of villages that are characterized by rich natural resources and a well-known nature reserve, Soutpansberg Mountains. Natural resources such as water, plantations, woodlands and grasslands are commonly found in these villages and are commonly used for alleviating poverty. Rural communities in this municipality are still highly dependent on natural resources. The high dependence on these natural resources subsequently affects negatively the natural environment, e.g. processes such as land degradation. Villages in this region have limited infrastructure development that influence people?s livelihood. Infrastructure developments are commonly known for contributing to growing the economy and it will be no different if such developments are built in these villages. Therefore, it is imperative to find innovative and scientific techniques that provide information which can assist in finding ways of balancing the interaction between the environment and its people. In order to successfully do so, ways of managing and monitoring of natural resources in villages such as Makhado becomes a necessity. Land cover information is required to adequately understand the extent and status of the natural resources of the Makhado region. This information is required for effective monitoring of natural resources. With the aid of remote sensing applications, land cover studies are possible. The applications always aim to provide efficient methods using low cost or freely available data. The main objective of this study was to innovatively and accurately map the land cover classes of Makhado Municipality using Landsat imagery. The study investigated the performance of single and multi-temporal assessment approach. The study found that the results of the multi-temporal approach were more accurate compared to the single-date approach for both periods. The overall accuracy of single-date classifications were 78.1% with Kc of 0.74 and 54.3% with Kc of 0.46 respectively. The classification map results of the multi-temporal approach were 72.9% with Kc of 0.68 and 79.0% and a Kc of 0.76 respectively. The multi-temporal classification maps were used for post-classification change detection. The results of these methods illustrated the major decrease in grasslands from 2006-2009 and 2013-2015 respectively. These results assisted in making further inferences of how the drastic and severe drought that occurred in 2015 till recently had a significant impact on the land cover.