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1987 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 54, 1987: Recent submissions

  • Heartwater. An overview of the clinical signs, susceptibility and differential diagnoses of the disease in domestic ruminants 
    Van de Pypekamp, H.E.; Prozesky, L.; Bigalke, R.D. (Pretoria : Government Printer, 1987)
    Heartwater is a frequently fatal tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by Cowdria ruminantium. In domestic ruminants the incubation period varies considerably and depends on the route of infection, virulence of the ...
  • The taxonomic status of the causative agent of heartwater 
    Scott, G.R.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    A fresh pragmatic classification of the rickettsias has been derived by applying the simplest techniques of numerical taxonomy. One order, the Rickettsiales, containing 3 families, the Rickettsiaceae, Phagosomaphilaceae, and ...
  • The construction of genomic libraries of Cowdria ruminantium in an expression vector, lambda gt11 
    Ambrosio, R.E.; Du Plessis, J.L.; Bezuidenhout, J.D.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Genomic libraries of the Welgevonden and Kwanyanga isolates of Cowdria ruminantium have been constructed in an expression vector. These libraries contain approximately 4 x 10⁵ and 3 x 10⁵ recombinants respectively.
  • Purification of Cowdria ruminantium by immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography 
    Neitz, Albert Walter Herman; Vermeulen, N.M.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Immunoselective methods with special reference to immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography as a means for the isolation of Cowdria ruminantium are reviewed. Attention is given to the source of the organism, immunization, ...
  • Purification of Cowdria ruminantium by lectin cellular affinity chromatography 
    Vermeulen, N.M.J.; Neitz, Albert Walter Herman; Viljoen, G.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    This review covers the isolation of Cowdria ruminantium by lectin cellular affinity chromatography from different Amblyomma hebraeum sources. Cellular affinity chromatography has been reviewed with special attention being ...
  • Purification of Cowdria ruminantium by density gradient centrifugation 
    Neitz, Albert Walter Herman; Vermeulen, N.M.J.; Viljoen, G.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The isolation of Cowdria ruminantium by differential and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation is reviewed with special reference to the suitability of Percoll as density gradient medium. Infected sheep brain, Amblyomma ...
  • Metabolism and genetics of chlamydias and rickettsias 
    Williams, J.C.; Vodkin, M.H.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Chlamydial and rickettsial diseases pose a hazard to man and to domesticated and wild animals. The virulence mechanisms which aid the establishment of these obligate intracellular parasites in the eukaryotic host are ...
  • The present state of Cowdria ruminantium cultivation in cell lines 
    Bezuidenhout, J.D.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Attempts were made to grow 4 isolates of Cowdria ruminantium in cell lines. Three of these isolates, viz. Ball 3, Welgevonden and Kwanyanga, could be cultivated in a calf endothelial cell line, but experiments with the ...
  • The development of Cowdria ruminantium in neutrophils 
    Logan, L.L.; Whyard, T.C.; Quintero, J.C.; Mebus, C.A.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The sequential development of C. ruminantium (Kwanyanga and Kumm isolates) was followed in caprine leukocyte cultures by light microscopy, direct immunofluorescent microscopy (DFA), indirect immunofluorescent microscopy ...
  • Heartwater: the development and life cycle of Cowdria ruminantium in the vertebrate host, ticks and cultured endothelial cells 
    Prozesky, L.; Du Plessis, J.L.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Various aspects of the development and life cycle of Cowdria ruminantium are discussed. C. ruminantium is transmitted transstadially by certain Amblyomma species. Apparently organisms initially develop in the gut epithelial ...
  • Cowdria ruminantium: stability and preservation of the organism 
    Logan, L.L.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Blood collected in either sodium heparin or disodium edetate vacutainers from febrile goats infected with 4 isolates of Cowdria ruminantium and cryopreserved with 10% dimethyl sulphoxide at -70⁰C and -196⁰C was an effective ...
  • Distinctive staining of colonies of Cowdria ruminantium in midguts of Amblyomma hebraeum 
    Yunker, C.E.; Kocan, K.M.; Norval, R.A.I.; Burridge, M.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Mallory's phloxine-methylene blue stain was used to differentiate colonies of Cowdria ruminantium in midgut epithelial cells of nymphal Amblyomma hebraeum that had been infected as larvae. Gut tissues were collected from ...
  • Morphology and development of Cowdria ruminantium in Amblyomma ticks 
    Kocan, K.M.; Bezuidenhout, J.D.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The morphology and development of Cowdria ruminantium have been studied in Amblyomma hebraeum and A. variegatum. Colonies of C. ruminantium have so far been demonstrated microscopically in gut, salivary gland cells, ...
  • Heartwater: the morphology of Cowdria ruminantium and its staining characteristic in the vertebrate host and in vitro 
    Prozesky, L.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The morphology of Cowdria ruminantium is described and its staining characteristics in the vertebrate host and in vitro are summarized. Morphologically, the organisms are characterized in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, ...
  • The historical background and global importance of heartwater 
    Bezuidenhout, J.D.; Provost, A.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The first written record of what probably could have been heartwater originates from South Africa and dates back to 1838. Since then, the disease was described from almost all the African countries south of the Sahara ...
  • Welcoming address to the workshop on heartwater: past, present and future 
    Van der Merwe, F.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
  • The efficacy of alternative routes for the infection or vaccination of animals with Cowdria ruminantium 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bezuidenhout, J. Dürr; Olivier, J.A.; Gruss, B.; Badenhorst, J.V.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The efficacy of subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculation of heartwater infective blood or nymph suspensions was tested in 5 experiments involving a total of 199 sheep. The success rate of subcutaneous ...
  • The natural control of heartwater vectors 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Spickett, Arthur M.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Socio-economic factors and environmental considerations have increasingly encouraged the search for methods of tick control other than acaricidal treatment. Biological control management regimes have, so far, not proved ...
  • Future prospects and goal setting regarding research on heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bigalke, R.D.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    This article highlights the most important research goals identified during the workshop on "Heartwater: Past, Present and Future," which was held from 8-11 September 1986 in the Republic of South Africa. An attempt has ...
  • The effect of dipping on parasitic and free-living populations of Amblyomma hebraeum on a farm and on an adjacent nature reserve 
    Horak, Ivan Gerard; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Petney, T.N.; Bigalke, R.D. (Pretoria : Government Printer, 1987)
    Domestic stock on a farm 30 km north of Grahamstown were treated with an acaricide at regular intervals over a period of several years. This resulted in a marked reduction in all stages of development of Amblyomma hebraeum ...