Abstract:
In wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), due to the dynamic underground channel
characteristics and the heterogeneous network architecture, the connectivity analysis is much more
complicated than in the terrestrial wireless sensor networks and ad hoc networks, which was not
addressed before, to our knowledge. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the
dynamic connectivity in WUSNs, which captures the effects of environmental parameters such as the
soil composition and the random soil moisture, and system parameters such as the operating frequency,
the sensor burial depth, the sink antenna height, the density of the sensor and sink devices, the tolerable
latency of the networks, and the number and the mobility of the above-ground sinks. The lower and
upper bounds of the connectivity probability are derived to analytically provide principles and guidelines
for the design and deployment of WUSNs in various environmental conditions.
