Browsing Research Articles (Medical Virology) by Issue Date

Browsing Research Articles (Medical Virology) by Issue Date

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  • Genetic determinants of virulence in pathogenic lineage 2 West Nile virus strains 
    Botha, Elizabeth Magdelena; Markotter, Wanda; Wolfaardt, Marianne; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Swanepoel, Robert; Palacios, Gustavo; Nel, Louis Hendrik; Venter, Marietjie (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008-02)
    We determined complete genome sequences of lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strains isolated from patients in South Africa who had mild or severe WNV infections. These strains had previously been shown to produce either ...
  • Reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in Madagascar 
    Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala; Gumede, Nicksy; Jegouic, Sophie; Balanant, Jean; Andriamamonjy, Seta N.; Rabemanantsoa, Sendraharimanana; Birmingham, Maureen; Randriamanalina, Bakolalao; Nkolomoni, Léon; Venter, Marietjie; Schoub, Barry D.; Delpeyroux, Francis; Reynes, Jean-Marc (University of Chicago Press, 2008-05-15)
    Background. After the 2001–2002 poliomyelitis outbreak due to recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in the Toliara province of Madagascar, another outbreak reoccurred in the same province in 2005. Methods. We ...
  • Global distribution of novel rhinovirus genotype 
    Briese, Thomas; Renwick, Neil; Venter, Marietjie; Jarman, Richard G.; Ghosh, Dhrubaa; Kondgen, Sophie; Shrestha, Sanjaya K.; Hoegh, A. Mette; Casas, Inmaculada; Adjogoua, Edgard Valerie; Akoua-Koffi, Chantal; Myint, Khin Saw; Williams, David T.; Chidlow, Glenys; Van den Berg, Ria; Calvo, Cristina; Koch, Orienka; Palacios, Gustavo; Kapoor, Vishal; Villari, Joseph; Dominguez, Samuel R.; Holmes, Kathryn V.; Harnett, Gerry; Smith, David; Mackenzie, John S.; Ellerbrok, Heinz; Schweiger, Brunhilde; Schonning, Kristian; Chadha, Mandeep S.; Leendertz, Fabian H.; Mishra, A.C.; Gibbons, Robert V.; Holmes, Edward C.; Lipkin, Ian W. (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008-06)
    Global surveillance for a novel rhinovirus genotype indicated its association with community outbreaks and pediatric respiratory disease in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. Molecular dating indicates ...
  • Risk factors for poor virological outcome at 12 months in a workplace-based antiretroviral therapy programme in South Africa : a cohort study 
    Fielding, Katherine L.; Charalambous, Salome; Stenson, Amy L.; Pemba, Lindiwe F.; Martin, Desmond J.; Wood, Robin; Churchyard, Gavin J.; Grant, Alison D. (BioMed Central, 2008-07)
    BACKGROUND: Reasons for the variation in reported treatment outcomes from antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in developing countries are not clearly defined. METHODS: Among ART-naïve individuals in a workplace ART ...
  • Human polyomaviruses, WU and KI in HIV exposed children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitals in South Africa 
    Venter, Marietjie; Visser, Adele; Lassauniere, Ria (Elsevier, 2009)
    BACKGROUND: The importance of two recently identified polyomaviruses, WUV and KIV, as respiratory pathogens in populations with a high HIV prevalence needs to be defined, since human polyomaviruses can cause significant ...
  • Structure and function of murine cytomegalovirus MHC-I-like molecules : how the virus turned the host defense to its advantage 
    Mans, Janet; Zhi, Li; Revilleza, Maria Jamela R.; Smith, Lee; Redwood, Alec; Natarajan, Kannan; Margulies, David H. (Springer, 2009)
    The mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV), a β-herpesvirus, exploits its large (~230 kb) double-stranded DNA genome for both essential and non-essential functions. Among the non-essential functions are those that offer the virus a ...
  • Lineage 2 West Nile virus as cause of fatal neurologic disease in horses, South Africa 
    Venter, Marietjie; Human, Stacey; Zaayman, Dewald; Gerdes, Gertruida Hermanna; Williams, June Heather; Steyl, Johan Christian Abraham; Leman, Patricia A.; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Setzkorn, Hildegard; Rous, Gavin; Murray, Sue; Parker, Rissa; Donnellan, Cynthia Mary Bridget; Swanepoel, Robert (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009-05-06)
    Serologic evidence suggests that West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in horses in Southern Africa. However, because few neurologic cases have been reported, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be non-pathogenic ...
  • The practitioners guide for dealing with the novel Influenza A, H1N1 pandemic 
    Venter, Marietjie; Blumberg, Lucille Hellen (OpenJournals, 2009-07)
    Within three months of its discovery, the new Influenza A (H1N1) swineflu strain has spread to such an extent that a pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although most cases seem to be mild, ...
  • West nile virus lineage 2 as a cause of zoonotic neurological disease in humans and horses in Southern Africa 
    Venter, Marietjie; Swanepoel, Robert (Mary Ann Liebert, 2010)
    West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in South Africa, but since a few cases of neurological disease have been reported from this region, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be of low virulence. Several ...
  • Prevalence and diversity of rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea from rural communities in the Limpopo Province South Africa, from 1998 to 2000 
    Potgieter, Natasha; De Beer, Mariet C.; Taylor, Maureen B.; Steele, Andrew Duncan (University of Chicago Press, 2010)
    BACKROUND: Data regarding the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural areas of Africa are limited. In this study the prevalence and genetic diversity of rotaviruses in a rural South African setting ...
  • Transmission of West Nile virus during horse autopsy 
    Venter, Marietjie; Steyl, Johan Christian Abraham; Weyer, Jacqueline; Zaayman, Dewald; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Swanepoel, Robert; Human, Stacey; Blumberg, Lucille Hellen; Leman, Patricia A. (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010-03)
    No abstract available.
  • A novel multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay with FRET hybridization probes for the detection and quantitation of 13 respiratory viruses 
    Lassauniere, Ria; Kresfelder, T.L.; Venter, Marietjie (Elsevier, 2010-05)
    Quantitative multiplex real-time RT-PCR assays utilizing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) hybridization probes were developed for the detection of 13 respiratory viruses, including well recognized viral causes ...
  • Quantitative analysis of a urine-based assay for detection of lipoarabinomannan in patients with tuberculosis 
    Shah, Maunank; Martinson, Neil A.; Chaisson, Richard E.; Martin, Desmond J.; Variava, Ebrahim; Dorman, Susan E. (American Society for Microbiology, 2010-08)
    Urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection is a promising approach for rapid diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB). In microbiologically confirmed TB patients, quantitative LAM detection results increased progressively with ...
  • Emerging norovirus GII.4 2008 variant detected in hospitalised paediatric patients in South Africa 
    Mans, Janet; De Villiers, J.C. (Johanna Corrie); Du Plessis, Nicolette Marie; Avenant, Theunis Johannes; Taylor, Maureen B. (Elsevier, 2010-08)
    BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs)are important enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. The first documented NoV outbreaks in South Africa(SA)were described in 1993. The current NoV prevalence and circulating ...
  • Evidence of a recombinant wild-type human astrovirus strain from a Kenyan child with gastroenteritis 
    Wolfaardt, Marianne; Kiulia, Nicholas M.; Mwenda, Jason M.; Taylor, Maureen B. (Springer, 2011-02)
    A human astrovirus (HAstV) strain from Kenya was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. Sequences from open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) clustered with genotype 6/7, those from ORF1b clustered with genotype 3, and ...
  • Understanding and incorporating human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening : a South African perspective 
    Richter, Karin Louise (OpenJournals Publishing, 2011-03)
    The identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the aetiological agent for cervical cancer has important implications for the future of cervical cancer screening and prevention strategies. Despite the availability of ...
  • Analytical methods for virus detection in water and food 
    Bosch, Albert; Sanchez, Gloria; Abbaszadegan, Morteza; Carducci, Annalaura; Guix, Susana; Le Guyader, Françoise S.; Netshikweta, Rembuluwani; Pinto, Rosa M.; Van der Poel, Wim H.M.; Rutjes, Saskia; Sano, Daisuke; Taylor, Maureen B.; Van Zyl, Walda B.; Rodriguez-Lazaro, David; Kovac, Katarina; Sellwood, Jane (Springer, 2011-03)
    Potential ways to address the issues that relate to the techniques for analyzing food and environmental samples for the presence of enteric viruses are discussed. It is not the authors’ remit to produce or recommend ...
  • Loss to follow-up in a community clinic in South Africa – roles of gender, pregnancy and CD4 count 
    Wang, Bingxia; Losina, Elena; Stark, Ruth; Munro, Alison; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Wilke, Marisa; Martin, Desmond J.; Lu, Zhigang; Freedberg, Kenneth A.; Wood, Robin (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2011-04)
    BACKGROUND: Faith-based organisations have expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) in community clinics across South Africa. Loss to follow-up (LTFU), however, limits the potential individual and population treatment benefits ...
  • Why do viruses keep their genome small? 
    Webber, Lynne M. (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2011-05)
    Although this specific title excludes prions, which differ considerably from viruses, it explains some of their survival strategies. It may also explain their considerable clinical infection and disease diversity.
  • Current laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection including 8 years of retrospective laboratory data : hepatitis B is far more infectious than HIV 
    Bowyer, Sheila Mary; Sim, John G.M.; Webber, Lynne M. (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2011-05)
    The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne pathogen approximately 75 - 200 times more infectious than the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hyper-endemic in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa.