Sexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africans

dc.contributor.authorKrüger, Gabriele Christa
dc.contributor.authorL'Abbe, Ericka Noelle
dc.contributor.authorStull, Kyra Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorKenyhercz, Michael W.
dc.date.accessioned2015-08-21T05:42:38Z
dc.date.available2015-08-21T05:42:38Z
dc.date.issued2015-07
dc.description.abstractPattern expressions of morphoscopic cranial traits vary across populations with classification accuracies being highly dependent on the reference collection to which unknown skulls are compared. Despite recent developments in populationspecific standards for South Africans, researchers have not addressed the accuracy of morphological methods. Several studies demonstrate differences in sexual dimorphism between South Africans and North Americans, warranting a need to re-evaluate sex estimation methods in South Africa. The purposes of this study were to test the reliability and accuracy of the Walker (2008) method and to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism among South Africans. A total of 245 modern Black and White South African male and female crania from the Pretoria Bone Collection, University of Pretoria, were scored using theWalker (2008) methodology. Cohen’s kappa was used to evaluate reliability of the method, and percent correct assessed validity of the method. Logistic regression was utilised to create modified population-specific formulae. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was moderate to excellent (0.60–0.90), except for the mental eminence (0.40). The percent correct results for sex were 80%or higher for combinations of glabella,mastoid andmenton and between 68 % and 73 % for menton, mastoid, orbital and nuchal margin using logistic equations of Walker (2008). White males had the highest (94–97 %) and White females had the lowest (31–62 %) percent correct. The low accuracies obtained when using Walker’s (2008) equations emphasised the need for population-specific sex estimation models. Modified formulae for South Africans were created, yielding higher classification rates (84–93 %) than when North American standards were employed.en_ZA
dc.description.embargo2016-07-31en_ZA
dc.description.librarianhb2015en_ZA
dc.description.librarianem2025en
dc.description.sdgSDG-03: Good health and well-beingen
dc.description.sdgSDG-05: Gender equalityen
dc.description.sdgSDG-17: Partnerships for the goalsen
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research Foundation (NRF)en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://link.springer.com/journal/414en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationKrüger, GC, L’Abbé, NL,Stull, KE & Kenyhercz, MW 2015, 'Sexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africans', International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol.129, no. 4, pp. 869-875.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0937-9827 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1437-1596 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s00414-014-1111-0
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/49412
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherSpringeren_ZA
dc.rights© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014. The original publication is available at : http://link.springer.comjournal/414.en_ZA
dc.subjectSex estimationen_ZA
dc.subjectCranial variationen_ZA
dc.subjectMorphoscopic traitsen_ZA
dc.subjectPercent correcten_ZA
dc.subjectOrdinal logistic regressionen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHealth sciences articles SDG-03
dc.subject.otherSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.subject.otherHealth sciences articles SDG-05
dc.subject.otherSDG-05: Gender equality
dc.subject.otherHealth sciences articles SDG-17
dc.subject.otherSDG-17: Partnerships for the goals
dc.titleSexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africansen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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