Farmers’ perceptions and adoption of digital technologies as information sources in Tshwane, South Africa

Abstract

This study explores the challenges that smallholder farmers face in South Africa due to limited resources, finances, and access to advanced production technologies, which impede the adoption of good agricultural practices. A mixed- method research approach was used, involving semi-structured questionnaires with 117 farmers and a focus group discussion. Descriptive analysis and frequency counts identified farmers' socioeconomic characteristics, while thematic analysis was applied to the focus group discussions. Binary regression and independent t-tests were used to analyze adoption data. The results showed that 38% of farmers preferred using the internet for information, followed by YouTube (24%) and the Farming Solutions App (6%). While 50% were neutral about whether digital technologies were superior to traditional methods, 37.7% found them easy to use and 44.6% viewed them as time-efficient. Binary regression indicated that access to extension services positively influenced the adoption of digital technologies. The t-test showed no differences in agricultural incomes of adopters and non-adopters of digital technologies, suggesting that adopters used digital tools as supplementary sources rather than primary ones. The study concludes that smallholder farmers are gradually adopting digital technologies despite low and uneven rates. Extension officers play a critical role in promoting these technologies, but traditional information sources remain vital in farming practices. To enhance digital technology adoption in smallholder agriculture, supportive policies should be implemented to improve infrastructure, digital literacy, and financial support. Additionally, impact monitoring, public-private partnerships, and community engagement through farmer cooperatives are essential to advance technology integration and address farmers' challenges.