In vitro antimycobacterial, apoptosis-inducing potential, and immunomodulatory activity of some Rubiaceae species

dc.contributor.authorAro, Abimbola Obemisola
dc.contributor.authorDzoyem, Jean Paul
dc.contributor.authorGoddard, Amelia
dc.contributor.authorFonteh, Pascaline
dc.contributor.authorKayoka-Kabongo, Prudence Ngalula
dc.contributor.authorMcGaw, Lyndy Joy
dc.contributor.emaillyndy.mcgaw@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-19T09:08:48Z
dc.date.available2020-08-19T09:08:48Z
dc.date.issued2019-03-05
dc.descriptionFigures S1–S3 : Thin layer chromatography plates developed in three mobile system (1) benzene/ethanol/ammonia (BEA); (2) chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic (CEF) and (3) ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW) sprayed with vanillin– sulphuric acid showing varied chemical constituents of the Rubiaceae plant extracts screened. PZ: Psychotria zombamontana, OS: Oxyanthus speciosus, PC: Psychotria capensis, PL: Pavetta lanceolata, CT: Cremaspora triflora, CN: Cephalanthus natalensis.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S1 : Anti-mycobacterial (MIC mg/mL), cytotoxicity (IC50 mg/mL) and anti-lipoxygenase (IC50 mg/mL) activities of the tested extracts.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractTuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by microorganisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, infects almost one-third of the world’s population. The TB epidemic has been further exacerbated by the emergence of multi, extensively, and totally-drug-resistant (MDR, XDR, and TDRTB) strains. An effective immune response plays a crucial role in determining the establishment of TB infection. Therefore, the modulation of the immune system has been considered as a vital approach for the treatment or control of various immune-related diseases such as TB. In this study, the antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects of six Rubiaceae species were evaluated. A twofold serial dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration values of the plant extracts. The effect of the extracts on the activity of 15-lipoxygenase was investigated. The levels of six different cytokines, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-g, and TNF-a, were measured in LPS-activated U937 cell line while the apoptosis-inducing effect of the extracts was evaluated using an annexin V/PI assay using a flow cytometer. The results obtained revealed that all the six extracts tested had antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177, and Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 27299 strains, with MIC values ranging from 39 to 312 mg/mL. The extracts of Cremaspora triflora and Cephalanthus natalensis were the most active against M. tuberculosis (MIC = 39 mg/mL), followed by Pavetta lanceolata and Psychotria zombamontana against M. bovis (MIC = 78 mg/mL). The extracts of P. zombamontana and Psychotria capensis had remarkable IC50 values of 4.32 and 5.8 mg/mL, respectively, better than that of quercetin. The selected extracts promoted Th1/Th2 balances in an in vitro model at the tested concentration which may suggest the therapeutic value of the plant in diseases where inflammation is a significant factor such as TB. The addition of the crude extracts of C. triflora, P. capensis, and P. zombamontana at the tested concentrations to the cell culture medium induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This interesting preliminary result generated from this study encourages further investigations of these extracts owing to the LOX-inhibitory effect, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic-inducing properties in addition to their antimycobacterial properties.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentCompanion Animal Clinical Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.departmentParaclinical Sciencesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2020en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Research Foundation (NRF), the University of Pretoria and the University of South Africa provided a postdoctoral fellowship.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.frontiersin.org/Pharmacologyen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationAro AO, Dzoyem JP, Goddard A, Fonteh P, Kayoka-Kabongo PN and McGaw LJ (2019) In vitro Antimycobacterial, Apoptosis-Inducing Potential, and Immunomodulatory Activity of Some Rubiaceae Species. Fronties in Pharmacology 10:185. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00185.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1663-9812 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3389/fphar.2019.00185
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/75819
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_ZA
dc.rights© 2019 Aro, Dzoyem, Goddard, Fonteh, Kayoka-Kabongo and McGaw. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).en_ZA
dc.subjectAntimycobacterialen_ZA
dc.subjectM. tuberculosis complexen_ZA
dc.subjectRubiaceaeen_ZA
dc.subjectImmunomodulatoryen_ZA
dc.subjectApoptosisen_ZA
dc.subjectLipoxygenaseen_ZA
dc.subjectCytokinesen_ZA
dc.subjectTuberculosis (TB)en_ZA
dc.subject.otherVeterinary science articles SDG-03en_ZA
dc.subject.otherSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.titleIn vitro antimycobacterial, apoptosis-inducing potential, and immunomodulatory activity of some Rubiaceae speciesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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