Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa : a systematic review from a One Health perspective

dc.contributor.authorOsei Sekyere, John
dc.contributor.authorMensah, Eric
dc.contributor.emailu18392467@tuks.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-17T13:56:40Z
dc.date.issued2020-04
dc.descriptionFile S1. Raw data and analysis of extracted information from included articles.en_ZA
dc.descriptionFile S2. List of excluded articles on the basis of only phenotypic (antibiotic sensitivity) tests.en_ZA
dc.descriptionFile S3. Metadata of strains used for phylogenomic analyses of Figures 5 and 6.en_ZA
dc.descriptionFigure S1A–O. Resistance rates of antibiotics per country, source, and species in Africa (2007–2019). Isolates from humans (H), animals (A), and the environment (E) per country and species are shown in the image. The different resistance rates per antibiotic per species, source, and country are depicted by the bars.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S1. Geographical distribution, species, clones, and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria isolated from humans in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S2. Geographical distribution, species, clones, and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria isolated from animals in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S3. Geographical distribution, species, clones, and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria isolated from the environment in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S4. Antibiotic resistance rates of various Gram‐positive bacteria species isolated from human sources in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S5. Antibiotic resistance rates of various Gram‐positive bacteria species isolated from animal sources in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionTable S6. Antibiotic resistance rates of various Gram‐positive bacteria species isolated from environmental sources in Africa from 2007 to 2019.en_ZA
dc.descriptionPRISMA 2009 Checklisten_ZA
dc.description.abstractHealth perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English‐language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health–related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentMedical Microbiologyen_ZA
dc.description.embargo2020-10-24
dc.description.librarianhj2020en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17496632en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSekyere, J.O. & Mensah, E. 2020, 'Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1465, no. 1, pp. 29-58.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0077-8923 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1749-6632 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1111/nyas.14254
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/73388
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherWileyen_ZA
dc.rights© 2019 New York Academy of Sciences. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : 'Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective', Annals of the New York Academy of Science, vol. 1465, no. 1, pp. 29-58, 2020, doi : 10.1111/nyas.14254. The definite version is available at : https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17496632.en_ZA
dc.subjectStaphylococcus sppen_ZA
dc.subjectEnterococcus sppen_ZA
dc.subjectStreptococcus sppen_ZA
dc.subjectMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)en_ZA
dc.subjectAntimicrobial resistanceen_ZA
dc.subjectAfricaen_ZA
dc.subjectOne Healthen_ZA
dc.subjectGram‐positiveen_ZA
dc.subjectMobile genetic elementen_ZA
dc.subjectVancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE)en_ZA
dc.titleMolecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa : a systematic review from a One Health perspectiveen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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