pH-based control strategies for the nitrification of high-ammonium wastewaters
dc.contributor.author | Van Rooyen, Ignatius Leopoldus | |
dc.contributor.author | Brink, Hendrik Gideon | |
dc.contributor.author | Nicol, Willie | |
dc.contributor.email | willie.nicol@up.ac.za | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-08-04T11:15:19Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-08-04T11:15:19Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-19 | |
dc.description.abstract | Aquatic nitrogen pollution is one of the most urgent environmental issues requiring prevention and mitigation. Large quantities of high-ammonium wastewaters are generated by several industrial sectors, such as fertilizer and anaerobic-digestion plants. Nitrification of these wastewaters is commonly carried out, either to remove nitrogen or produce liquid fertilizers. Standard control methodologies for the efficient nitrification of high-ammonium wastewaters to produce liquid fertilizers have not yet been established and are still within their early stages of development. In this paper, novel pH-based control algorithms are presented that maintain operation at the microbial maximum reaction rate (umax) in batch and continuous reactors. Complete conversion of ammonium to nitrate was achieved in a batch setup, and a conversion of 93% (1%) was achieved in a continuously-stirred-tank-reactor. The unparalleled performance and affordability of the control schemes proposed offer a steppingstone to the future of sustainable fertilizer production. | en_US |
dc.description.department | Chemical Engineering | en_US |
dc.description.librarian | am2022 | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | The National Research Foundation of South Africa | en_US |
dc.description.uri | http://www.mdpi.com/journal/fermentation | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Van Rooyen, I.L., Brink, H.G. & Nicol, W. pH-Based Control Strategies for the Nitrification of High-Ammonium Wastewaters. Fermentation 2021, 7, 319. https://DOI.org/10.3390/fermentation7040319. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 2311-5637 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 10.3390/fermentation7040319 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/86709 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_US |
dc.rights | © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. | en_US |
dc.subject | Ammonium | en_US |
dc.subject | Nitrate | en_US |
dc.subject | Proton | en_US |
dc.subject | Hydroponic | en_US |
dc.subject | Wastewater | en_US |
dc.subject | Aquatic nitrogen pollution | en_US |
dc.subject | High-ammonium wastewaters | en_US |
dc.title | pH-based control strategies for the nitrification of high-ammonium wastewaters | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |