A proposal towards a rational classification of the antimicrobial activity of acetone tree leaf extracts in a search for new antimicrobials

Abstract

Many scientists investigate the potential of finding new antibiotics from plants, leading to more than a thousand publications per year. Many different minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts have been proposed to decide if an extract has interesting activity that could lead to the discovery of a new antibiotic. To date, no rational explanation has been given for the selection criteria different authors have used. The cumulative percentage of plant extracts with different activities from a large experiment determining the activity of 714 acetone tree leaf extracts of 537 different South African tree species against 4 nosocomial pathogenic bacteria and 2 yeasts was calculated using a widely accepted serial dilution microplate method with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet as indicator of growth. All the extracts were active at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. The formula, % of active extracts = 439 × minimum inhibitory concentration in mg/mL1.5385, describes the results for minimum inhibitory concentrations below 0.16 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. A rational approach could be to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most active 1, 3, 9, 25, 50, and > 50% of a large number of plant extracts investigated against these six important microbial pathogens. Starting with an extract concentration of 10 mg/mL, I propose the following classification based on minimum inhibitory concentrations:

outstanding activity < 0.02 mg/mL,

excellent activity 0.021 – 0.04 mg/mL,

very good activity 041 – 0.08 mg/mL,

good activity 0.081 – 0.16 mg/mL,

average activity 0.161 – 0.32 mg/mL, and

weak activity > 0.32 mg/mL. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations may still be effective in ethnopharmacological studies.Many scientists investigate the potential of finding new antibiotics from plants, leading to more than a thousand publications per year. Many different minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts have been proposed to decide if an extract has interesting activity that could lead to the discovery of a new antibiotic. To date, no rational explanation has been given for the selection criteria different authors have used. The cumulative percentage of plant extracts with different activities from a large experiment determining the activity of 714 acetone tree leaf extracts of 537 different South African tree species against 4 nosocomial pathogenic bacteria and 2 yeasts was calculated using a widely accepted serial dilution microplate method with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet as indicator of growth. All the extracts were active at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. The formula, % of active extracts = 439 × minimum inhibitory concentration in mg/mL1.5385, describes the results for minimum inhibitory concentrations below 0.16 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. A rational approach could be to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the most active 1, 3, 9, 25, 50, and > 50% of a large number of plant extracts investigated against these six important microbial pathogens. Starting with an extract concentration of 10 mg/mL, I propose the following classification based on minimum inhibitory concentrations:

outstanding activity < 0.02 mg/mL,

excellent activity 0.021 – 0.04 mg/mL,

very good activity 041 – 0.08 mg/mL,

good activity 0.081 – 0.16 mg/mL,

average activity 0.161 – 0.32 mg/mL, and

weak activity > 0.32 mg/mL. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations may still be effective in ethnopharmacological studies.