Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine and ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine chemical immobilization in habituated subadult female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)

dc.contributor.authorPfitzer, Silke
dc.contributor.authorLaubscher, Liesel L.
dc.contributor.authorRaath, Jacobus P.
dc.contributor.authorSemjonov, Aleksandr
dc.contributor.authorBasson, Etienne P.
dc.contributor.authorWolfe, Lisa L.
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Michael W.
dc.contributor.authorZeiler, Gareth Edward
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-27T12:19:44Z
dc.date.available2025-06-27T12:19:44Z
dc.date.issued2025-07
dc.description.abstractPlease read abstract in the article.
dc.description.departmentCompanion Animal Clinical Studies
dc.description.librarianhj2025
dc.description.sdgSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.description.sponsorshipWildlife Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd.
dc.identifier.citationPfitzer, S., Laubscher, L.L., Raath, J.P. et al. 2025, 'Butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine and ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine chemical immobilization in habituated subadult female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)', Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 403-411, doi : 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.04.009.
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.vaa.2025.04.009
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/103031
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rights© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
dc.subjectButorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (BAM)
dc.subjectKetamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (KBAM)
dc.subjectChemical immobilization
dc.subjectGiraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
dc.subjectImmobilization
dc.titleButorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine and ketamine–butorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine chemical immobilization in habituated subadult female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
dc.typeArticle

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