A set of diagnostic tests for detection of active Babesia duncani infection

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Authors

Chand, Meenal
Vydyam, Pratap
Pal, Anasuya C.
Thekkiniath, Jose
Darif, Dounia
Li, Zeng
Choi, Jae-Yeon
Magni, Ruben
Luchini, Alessandra
Tonnetti, Laura

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Elsevier

Abstract

OBJECTIVES : Human babesiosis is an emerging and potentially fatal tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the Babesia genus. Among these, Babesia duncani is particularly notable for causing severe and life-threatening illness in humans. Accurate diagnosis and effective disease management hinge on the detection of active B. duncani infections. While molecular assays are available to detect the parasite in blood, a reliable method for identifying biomarkers of active infection remains elusive. METHODS : We developed the first B. duncani antigen capture assays, targeting two immunodominant antigens, BdV234 and BdV38. These assays were validated using established in vitro and in vivo B. duncani infection models, and following drug treatment. RESULTS : The assays demonstrated no cross-reactivity with other species such as B. microti, B. divergens, Babesia MO1, or Plasmodium falciparum , and can detect as few as 115 infected erythrocytes/µl of blood. Screening of 1731 blood samples from various biorepositories, including samples previously identified as Lyme and/or B. microti -positive, as well as new specimens from wild mice, revealed no evidence of B. duncani infection or cross-reactivity. CONCLUSIONS : These assays hold significant promise for various applications, including point-of-care testing for the early detection of B. duncani in patients, field tests for screening reservoir hosts, and high-throughput screening of blood samples intended for transfusion.

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Keywords

Babesia duncani, Detection, Infection, Human babesiosis, Tick-borne disease (TBD), SDG-03: Good health and well-being

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being

Citation

Chand, M., Vydyam, P., Pal, A.C. et al. 2024, 'A set of diagnostic tests for detection of active Babesia duncani infection', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 147, art. 107178, pp. 1-10, doi : 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107178.