Exploring the influence of psychosocial factors on the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities Eersterust

Abstract

Many studies have explored intellectual disabilities (IDs) in children, but there is limited research on the mental health of parents caring for them. Parents caring for children with IDs are often faced with unique challenges and stressors that influence their mental health. While studies in mainly developed countries have examined this issue, there is still a lack of research focusing on the experiences of South African parents.

The purpose of the study was to explore the psychosocial factors influencing the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in Eersterust. It sought to identify the coping strategies parents use to manage stress, explore the sources of social support available to them and their impact on mental well-being, and explore and describe the role of resilience in promoting parental mental health. Additionally, the study aimed to provide recommendations for enhancing services and support systems for these parents.

A qualitative research approach was appropriate for this study as the researcher wanted to understand the lived experiences of parents caring for children with IDs. Five participants were purposively selected in Eersterust. Semi-structured interviews, comprising open-ended questions with an interview guide, were utilised to collect data, which were then analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

The study identified seven key themes related to the experiences of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities. The first theme focused on the emotional and psychological impact, highlighting struggles with denial and acceptance after diagnosis, fears about the child's future, and emotional exhaustion or burnout. Social challenges and exclusion emerged as another significant theme, with sub-themes including stigma and judgment, avoidance of social settings, and a general lack of awareness in the community. Financial strain was also a concern, particularly regarding the costs of diapers and specialised diets. Parenting challenges were explored, particularly difficulties in managing aggressive or disobedient behaviour, supporting social and emotional expressions, and navigating traditional and cultural beliefs. In terms of coping mechanisms, parents relied on faith and prayer, sought support from family, and used distractions and emotional control strategies. Despite these challenges, some positive aspects and personal growth were noted, such as celebrating their child's strengths and developing a greater awareness and understanding of intellectual disabilities. Lastly, the study presented several recommendations, emphasising the need for more substantial community support, increased awareness and positive attitudes toward intellectual disabilities, and improved access to resources and services.

The key findings can help improve support services by informing targeted interventions that address parents' emotional, social, and financial challenges. Raising awareness and reducing stigma can foster community acceptance and inclusivity, while parenting support programs can equip caregivers with strategies to manage behavioural challenges and navigate cultural beliefs. Improved access to resources, such as financial aid and specialised services, can ease the burden on families. Strengthening coping mechanisms through peer support and mental health initiatives can enhance resilience and well-being. Lastly, these findings highlight the need for further research on parental mental health in South Africa, ensuring long-term improvements in care and support systems.

Future research could expand on this study by exploring the experiences of parents caring for multiple children with intellectual disabilities and examining differences in stress levels, coping strategies, and support systems. Since only female participants were included in this study, future research should also explore the experiences of fathers, focusing on their mental health, caregiving roles, and coping mechanisms. Additionally, studying the perspectives of siblings of children with intellectual disabilities could provide a broader understanding of family dynamics and the overall psychosocial impact on parental well-being.