Theses and Dissertations (Social Work and Criminology)

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Gestaltterapie met die allergiese kind in die middelkinderjare
(University of Pretoria, 1999-08) Joubert, J.M.C.; Yssel, Johanna Maria
Afrikaans: Hierdie studie is gerig op die daarstelling van 'n gestaltspelterapeutiese program wat gebruik kan word om die allergiese kind in die middelkinderjare te begelei om beheer oor sy siekte te verkry en om die invloed daarvan op sy ontwikkelingstaakbemeestering te minimaliseer. In aansluiting hierby is 'n ouerleidingprogram ontwikkel waar gestaltbeginsels benut is om die ouers van die allergiese kinders ter versterking van die doelstellings van die spelterapeutiese program te bemagtig. Vanuit die literatuur en vorige navorsingsbevindinge is dit duidelik dat die voorkoms van 'n allergiese siekte 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind in die middelkinderjare se bemeestering van sy ontwikkelingstake op emosionele, sosiale en akademiese gebied kan uitoefen. Dit kan daartoe lei dat die kind se selfbeeldontwikkeling benadeel word en hy kan angs, frustrasie en aggressie ervaar wat sy gesonde funksionering strem. Op sosiale gebied kan allergiese siektes daartoe lei dat die kind ge"fsoleer word en dat hy nie soos sy maats aan alle aktiwiteite kan deelneem nie - dit kan tot portuurgroepverwerping lei. Op akademiese gebied kan die allergiese kind te siek voel om sy volle aandag aan sy skoolwerk te gee, wat moontlik onderprestasie en verminderde motivering tot gevolg kan he. Die voorkoms van 'n allergiese siekte het verder 'n definitiewe invloed op die gesinsfunksionering en kan negatiewe gevolge vir sowel die ouer-kind verhouding en opvoedingstyl as die sibbeverhoudinge inhou. Die beginsels van die gestaltbenadering fokus op die kind se verhoogde bewustheid van homself in sy situasie, sy verbeterde emosionele hantering van eise wat aan horn gestel word, die verhoging van sy beheer oor sy lewe en die versterking van sy eie verantwoordelikheidneming vir sy gesondheid. Deur die benutting van hierdie beginsels in beide programme kan die kind deur spelterapie en 'n ondersteunende ouerleidingprogram gehelp word om toepaslike beheer oor sy siekte uit te oefen en die moontlike negatiewe invloed van allergiese siektes op sy ontwikkelingstaak bemeestering en totale funksionering te minimaliseer. Ten einde die kennisleemte wat in die hantering van die spesifieke behoeftes van allergiese kinders bestaan te oorbrug, is die gestaltspelterapeutiese- en ouerleidingprogramme ontwikkel. Ses respondente in hul middelkinderjare en hul ouers is by die implementering van beide die spelterapeutiese- en ouerleidingprogramme betrek. Die navorsingsresultate het daarop gedui dat die gestaltspelterapeutiese program suksesvol was in die fasilitering van die kind se verhoogde bewustheid van homself in en verhoogde beheer oor sy situasie, verbeterde emosionele hantering en verhoogde verantwoordelikheidneming vir sy gesondheid. Die gegewens het verder daarop gedui dat die ouerleidingprogram suksesvol was om die ouers van die kinders tot ondersteuning van die spelterapeutiese doelstellings te bemagtig en hul opvoedingstaak te vergemaklik. Die programme is dus suksesvol vir sowel die gestaltterapeutiese begeleiding van allergiese kinders in die middelkinderjare tot optimale funksionering en beheer van allergiese siektes, as die bemagtiging van ouers ter ondersteuning van die spelterapeutiese program. Die gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings van die studie fokus op die bereiking van die doelstelling en doelwitte van die studie, gevolgtrekkings oor die navorsingsbevindinge, aspekte wat in ag geneem moet word in die gebruik van die programme en verdere navorsingsmoontlikhede wat uit die studie voortspruit.
'n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek na die emosionele belewenis van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse blanke geskeide mans
(University of Pretoria, 1992-02) Du Preez, M.S.E.; sulette.ferreira@gmail.com; Ferreira, Sulette
Afrikaans: Hierdie ondersoek lewer 'n beskeie bydrae tot die verkryging van wetenskaplike kennis oor mans se ervaring en hantering van egskeiding waaroor weinig, veral in Suid-Afrika, bekend is, asook tot die verskaffing van maatskaplikewerk-hulp aan mans wat in Suid-Afrika hierdie lewenskrisis beleef. Ten einde die ondersoek te kon doen, is die doelstellings van die ondersoek soos volggestel: Om deur middel van 'n verkenning van die bestaande literatuur oor egskeiding die sentrale teoretiese modelle te bepaal en te beskryf wat deur sosiaal-wetenskaplikes gekonstrueer is om egskeiding te begryp, en terapie te verskaf aan diegene wat daardeur geraak word. Om deur middel van 'n plooibare navorsingsbenadering, te wete die kwali tatiewe model, eerstehandse inligting te bekom rakende enkele geskeide blanke Suid-Afrikaanse mans se sosiale werklikheid, dit wil se hoe hulle sin en betekenis aan hul egskeidings gee. Om te let op die behoefte van die geskeide man aan terapeutiese hulpverlening en op grond hiervan aanbevelings te maak aan die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplikewerk-praktyk. Om 'n bydrae tot die metodologie van maatskaplikewerknavorsing in Suid-Afrika te lewer deur prakties te illustreer hoe die kwalitatiewe navorsingstyl wat tot nog toe selde in plaaslike maatskaplikewerk-studies onderneem is, aangewend kan word om geskeide mans se definisies van hul situasies, of meer spesifiek, hul subjektiewe ervarings en interpretasies van hul lotgevalle, te peil en te beskryf. Hoewel vandag algemeen aanvaar word dat een uit elke drie huwelike in Suid-Afrika in die egskeidingshof eindig, is wetenskaplike literatuur oor die probleem in die land beperk. Verder blyk dit dat weinig teoretiese en empiriese inligting spesifiek oor die geskeide man hier te lande beskikbaar is. Hoewel aansienlik meer aandag in die buiteland aan egskeiding gegee word, blyk dit dat sosiaal-wetenskaplikes veral in die geskeide vrou geYnteresseerd is en dat haar eweknie, te wete die geskeide man, verwaarloos word. Nogtans is waardevolle inligting uit die beskikbare literatuur onttrek oor die egskeidingsproses en oor sowel die geskeide vrou as die geskeide man. Die insigte wat van die onderskeie teoretici en navorsers verkry is, was nie alleen nuttig om die data te interpreteer wat tydens die empiriese studie ingesamel is nie, maar hou belofte in vir sowel verdere plaaslike studies van geskeide mans as vir hulpverlening aan hulle. Vyftien geskeide blanke mans is met behulp van die sneeubaltegniek opgespoor en tot deelname aan die empiriese studie oorgehaal. Hierbenewens is twee geskeide mans op dieselfde wyse gewerf om die navorsingsresultate te verifieer. Bestaande riglyne vir kwalitatiewe navorsing is sover moontlik in die studie toegepas en daar is daarin geslaag om, hoewel nie uitvoerig nie, 'n getroue prentjie van die lewensituasie van die geskeide blanke man te beskryf. Die data is verkry deur onderhoude (semi-gestruktureerd maar ook ongestruktureerd) met die respondente te voer en deur dokumente te benut wat hulle vir hul eie gebruik of op versoek van navorser opgestel het. Afgesien van die dokumente is van oudiobande gebruik gemaak en die byhou van notas om die verkree data vas te le. Die data is voortdurend bestudeer en is veral aan die einde van die ondersoek in temas en patrone gekategoriseer en geYnterpreteer met behulp van sekere bestaande teoriee wat tydens die literatuurverkenning afgebaken is. Regdeur die ondersoek is sover moontlik gepoog om faktore te neutraliseer wat die resultate nadelig kon beYnvloed. Die slotsom waartoe uiteindelik geraak is, is dat die lewensituasie van die aantal geskeide mans wat as proefpersone benut is, geldig en akkuraat verken en beskryf is. Die belangrikste bevindinge van die empiriese studie is die volgende: Egskeiding is 'n proses met fases wat onderskei maar nie geskei kan word nie; die geskeide man ervaar verskeie emosionele belewenisse voor, tydens en na afloop van die egskeiding; die aanpassing aan die egskeiding word deur verskillende faktore geaffekteer; egskeiding het 'n effek op die verhoudingslewe van die geskeide man; die godsdiensbeskouing van die geskeide man speel 'n kardinale rol in sy verwerking van die egskeiding en ten slotte het die geskeide man behoefte aan terapeutiese intervensie. Dit blyk dat geskeide mans by maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening kan baat mits sodanige programme in samewerking met hulle opgestel word.
Children’s perspectives on child well-being : a pathway to sustainable futures. A case study in the Brits and Rustenburg areas in North West Province
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10) Le Roux, Magdalena Petronella; rosinahbila@yahoo.com; Bila, Mmatshupa Rosinah
Well-being is a multi-dimensional construct that refers to the positive relationship that one has with others, feeling content and having a degree of control over one’s life. Child well-being involves physical, mental, cognitive, social, material and environmental domains of well-being. Given that child well-being was often studied from the perspectives of adults, this study was conducted with the aim of understanding the subjective well-being of children - or how children perceive their own well-being - as a pathway to sustainable futures. As children’s development is influenced by their environment, the ecological systems theory was the theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative research approach and an interpretative research paradigm were adopted to understand children’s subjective views on child well-being. As the research findings were aimed to inform social work practice, the study was categorised as applied research. An instrumental case study design was relevant for understanding the well-being of children by exploring their own views. By means of purposive and snowball sampling, a study sample of 10 children in middle childhood were recruited in the Brits and Rustenburg areas in the North West province. Semi-structured interviews guided by an interview schedule and visual communication cards were used to collect data. Thematic data analysis was implemented to analyse the data. Research ethical principles guided the implementation of the study to prevent harm to the research participants. The findings from the study revealed that children’s well-being was associated with children being happy, loved and cared for, while their well-being was influenced by their interactions with their parents, siblings, members of the extended family, friends, teachers and even their pets. The research findings show that meeting children’s needs, having access to relevant community resources, and positive environmental conditions would support children’s well-being. The participants also suggested actions by adults and by children themselves that could enhance child well-being. The study revealed that children can voice their opinions on child well-being and that they can participate collaboratively with adults in enhancing their well-being if their views are considered and they are given opportunities for participation. All things considered, social workers can be in the frontline when it comes to protecting and enhancing children’s well-being by acting, amongst others, as advocates and educators for relevant interventions and services on different ecological levels. Further research on child well-being in South Africa can inform interventions to enhance the well-being of South Africa’s children.
Exploring the perspectives of primary school children on disaster risk reduction and adaptation. A case study of flood experiences in Mamelodi East
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Lombard, A. (Antoinette) ; nzimande20@gmail.com; Thabede, Patience Ntombifuthi
Floods have affected the community of Mamelodi East twice in less than four years (Mahlokwane, 2023), resulting in property loss, loss of life, and displacement. The local government has been accused of making empty promises regarding the relocation of families to alternative spaces (Mabona, 2022; Mahlokwane, 2023), raising concerns about what might happen if the community is affected again. Children, as a particularly vulnerable group, are affected by floods through loss, injury, and illnesses, yet they are seldom meaningfully consulted in decisions related to disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study used resilience theory as its theoretical framework, emphasising how vulnerabilities and protective factors affect the community’s preparedness for floods and adaptation strategies. The goal of the study was to explore the perspectives of primary school children on DRR and adaptation through a case study of their flood experiences in Mamelodi East. The study employed a qualitative research approach and used participatory action research as a subtype of applied research. The research design was an exploratory case study. Purposeful sampling was used to select four learners from grades four, five, and six at Viva Independent School as participants. Data were collected through photovoice and semi-structured one-on-one interviews. The data were analysed using the six phases of the reflexive thematic approach. The findings indicate that human behaviours, such as waste dumping in the river and vulnerable infrastructure, contribute to flooding in the community. This results in deaths and injuries, destruction of assets and infrastructure, adverse effects on livelihoods, and forced displacement. The findings further suggest that the community’s resilience is undermined by systemic issues such as poverty, inadequate access to resources, infrastructure vulnerabilities, safety during floods, and the lack of early warning systems, factors that all affect the community’s preparedness for future floods. The study concluded that behaviour modification, especially in waste management, along with good governance, could reduce the factors contributing to floods. furthermore, limited awareness of DRR and structural issues contributes to the disproportionate impact experienced by the community during floods. Additionally, a comprehensive pathway for strategic changes such as “building back better,” should be implemented with meaningful community participation. The study recommends comprehensive education on DRR, key partnerships, and sustainable development as strategies to enhance the community’s preparedness for future floods. Social work can play a role through systemic planning and interventions aimed at integrating the developmental approach in disaster risk reduction. This includes advocacy for improved service delivery on basic needs by local government, such as the relocation of informal dwellers living along floodplains, and the implementation of measures to prevent new residents from settling in vacated areas.
Challenges and opportunities for the integration of second-generation Zimbabweans in South Africa : implications for social work with migrants
(University of Pretoria, 2024-12) Lombard, A. (Antoinette); Holscher, Dorothee; sharon.maqembe.mpofu@gmail.com; Mpofu, Sheron
South Africa is home to a diverse population of migrants from across the African continent, with the majority of them coming from the Southern African region. Second-generation migrants constitute part of the migrant population living in and being integrated into South African society. The study’s focus is on second-generation children and young people. This study aims to explore second-generation Zimbabwean migrants’ experiences of inclusion or exclusion in South Africa along the political, economic, legal, and social dimensions of their lives. The study also seeks to determine if inclusion or exclusion is passed on intergenerationally, how second-generation migrants’ experiences affect their well-being, as well as the implications of their experiences for social work. To gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of second-generation migrants, the study uses anti-oppressive social work as its theoretical framework, drawing on concepts of coloniality, misframing and oppression. The study employs a qualitative interpretive methodology, utilising a case study design. The research is conducted in study areas, namely Pretoria and Johannesburg. A purposive sampling strategy was used, and research participants were recruited via snowball and convenience sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. Sixteen second generation Zimbabwean migrants, aged between 14 and 21, and 10 key informants from the fields of education, social welfare, sport, and legal services were interviewed. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study adhered to ethical requirements, and the study’s protocol number is HUM 017/0622. Findings indicate that second-generation migrants integrate into three home communities: middle-income areas, townships, and inner-city migrant communities, with school being an additional community where integration mainly takes place. Both at home and in school, language functions as the main tool for assimilation, integration and acculturation. Second generation migrants are part of the mostly unequal friendship networks formed at school, as they are teased, bullied and subjected to xenophobia owing to their Zimbabwean origins. Beyond their daily encounters with community members and peers, South Africa’s documentation and migration laws are a major factor influencing the integration experiences of the children of migrants. Second-generation migrants face documentation barriers and, resultantly, encounter difficulties when accessing social welfare, educational and health care services. The findings indicate that due to these documentation barriers and discrimination, second-generation migrants and their families live in hiding and maintain invisibility. Intergenerational similarities and differences between first-generation and second-generation migrants were found in making the decision to migrate, as well as in experiencing solidarity and discrimination. These factors influence their differential integration. Second-generation migrants have career-oriented goals, dreams, and hopes, which some of them believe to be achievable through hard work. However, others thought they would not realise their goals in South Africa. The goals, dreams and hopes of second-generation migrants are dependent on the class and economic standing of their migrant parents. Besides their generally difficult circumstances, second-generation migrants have found support and care from community members and friends, and expressed gratefulness for being raised in a relatively well-resourced a country like South Africa. Furthermore, they reported experiencing valuable service provision from teachers, social workers and lawyers. Identity is central to second-generation migrants’ experiences, impacting their assimilation, integration and acculturation. This study concluded from participants’ accounts that based on their identity as Zimbabweans, and despite their attempts to integrate into South Africa, second-generation migrants are considered outsiders by the state and some South African community members. Thus, they are subjected to oppression, particularly marginalisation, cultural imperialism, social and psychological violence, and are rendered powerless. The study recommends that anti-oppressive social work be made relevant to the contexts of the Global South and that there is a need to adopt more macro level social work practice with migrants. The study also recommends that policymakers in the fields of education, migration, and social welfare prioritise the rights of children, along with undertaking further research in social work and migration, focusing specifically on the children of migrants.
The development of a sex offender programme targeting adult male sex offenders in Lesotho correctional facilities
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Booyens, Karen; Geyer, Stephan; phaellom@gmail.com; Malataliana, Phaello Olivia
Globally, sexual violence against women remains an increasingly serious concern. This is true for Lesotho, where there is an upward trend in the conviction and sentencing of sex offenders for the period 2013 to 2020. However, the Lesotho Correctional Service has no rehabilitation policy; hence, the current rehabilitation programmes offered to sex offenders are neither needs- nor evidence-based. The study's goal was to develop a prototype sex offender programme targeting adult male sex offenders within Lesotho correctional facilities. The study followed the pragmatic paradigm as a frame of reference, and the type of research was applied. Specifically, intervention research (IR) and the design and development (D&D) model were followed, while a convergent mixed methods research design was applied. For the qualitative component, focus group discussions were conducted with rehabilitation staff (n = 37), and for the quantitative component, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to sex offenders (n = 88). The integrated results outlined the needs that ultimately informed the design of a prototype sex offender programme: offender illiteracy and the lack of knowledge and awareness of the Sexual Offences Act 3 of 2003, alcohol and drug misuse, anger towards women, behavioural and emotional skills deficits, the influence of media and pornography, socio-cultural practices, socio-economic factors, and history of childhood trauma and abuse. Based on the study’s results, the researcher developed the ‘New Us’ Sex Offender Programme (NUSOP), which comprises seven modules. This programme is the first of its kind in Lesotho to address the needs of adult male sex offenders and it significantly contributes to sex offender rehabilitation in the Global South
The potential perceived roles of social workers in public health within Gauteng health
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10) Bila, Nontembeko; anna.lesegomodise@gmail.com; Modise, Lesego Annah
Public health as an approach to ensuring high-quality healthcare services has been implemented globally. It has gained popularity as it aims to address health disparities between those who cannot afford private health and those who do. In the Gauteng province specifically, about 66% of the province’s total population relies on public health and the number continues to increase. Although it may have challenges, the provision of public health services helps people improve their health and mitigate factors that threaten health generally. Thus, its implementation emphasises the integration of various helping professions, including social work. Unlike other health professionals, social workers in public health can address social factors influencing health (i.e. unemployment, social injustices, environmental factors). However, the roles of social workers within public health are not clearly understood by other professionals. Therefore, it was the goal of this study to explore and describe how social workers’ roles are perceived in public health within Gauteng health facilities. A qualitative approach was used in this study to explore the in-depth knowledge of the perceived roles of social workers. To gain an understanding of those perceptions, the researcher employed face to face individual semi-structured interviews where five (5) social workers at primary and secondary public health facilities were interviewed (Mamelodi Regional Hospital and Mamelodi West Clinic). A focus group discussion was conducted with four multidisciplinary members, including 1 professional nurse, 1 psychologist, and 2 occupational therapists, at the Mamelodi Regional Hospital. Collective case study was applied to draw knowledge of the case being studied and non-purposive sampling was used to select participants based on the inclusion criteria. The findings of the study illustrate that a lack of knowledge and understanding of the roles of social workers in public health has resulted in misconceptions and poor recognition of the profession. Subsequently, this affects the quality of social work services and roles in health settings. In addition, the study revealed that lack or limited resources for social workers is a challenge in practice impacting the effectiveness of the service provision. SACSSP was also criticised as the body of the profession for the lack of support for social workers in public health facilities. The study indicates a limited focus of BSW programme on all areas of social work. However, departmental trainings and workshops provided were found to be closing this gap. The study recommends that the BSW programme incorporates various fields in social work and allows students to choose their area of interest. This will help ensure that professionals are capacitated and will effectively operate within the selected field of work. A larger study on this phenomenon is recommended as it will allow for the generalisation of these findings
Psychosocial factors affecting the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in Benoni, Gauteng
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Carbonatto, C.L.; u23253674@tuks.co.za; Bull, Lindie
Intellectual disabilities are prevalent across the globe. Children with intellectual disabilities require specialised services from a multidisciplinary team to ensure optimal development and quality of life. Traditionally these services focus on children themselves and not their family and caregivers. Numerous studies have established the link between parental well-being and the child's well-being, emphasising that the services reaching beyond the child to the family of children with intellectual disability will benefit the child, sibling and parents, ensuring quality of life for all members. The goal of the study was to explore the psychosocial factors affecting the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disability in Benoni, Gauteng. Using the ecosystem perspective as a theoretical framework, the researcher aimed to explore the parent's experience of the psychosocial factors affecting their mental health. The researcher utilised a qualitative approach with an instrumental case study, which allowed the researcher to explore the phenomenon of psychosocial factors affecting the mental health of parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities in-depth. The study population was parents caring for their children with intellectual disabilities under the age of 18 years, who are utilising the services of Apricot Tree Centre in Benoni. One-on-one semi-structured interviews, an interview schedule and recordings were used to collect data for this study. The interviews were transcribed, and Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to inductively identify themes and sub-themes from the data to answer the following research question: What are the psychosocial factors affecting the mental health of parents caring for children with ID in Benoni, Gauteng? The findings revealed that factors impacting the mental health of participants varied throughout the different phases of diagnosis and the mental distress often starts long before diagnosis. The nuclear family are the most profoundly affected by caring for a child with intellectual disability, providing the most significant challenges and most significant support. The caregiver's responsibility profoundly impacts the mental health of participants and is the most likely factor to lead to burnout and a mental health crisis. The loss of parental roles due to overwhelming caregiver responsibility significantly impacts the participants' view of self, leaving them vulnerable to feelings of loss and failure. This, together with societal views and stigmatisation shapes the participants' core beliefs. Various external structures such as family, religion, culture and society intensify the pressure and mental health challenges for the participants, as stigmatisation and cultural values leave participants feeling isolated and alone, negatively impacting their mental health. Despite all these challenges participants have achieved a sense of meaning and purpose in caring for their child with intellectual disabilities. Finding meaning and purpose, reframing hopes and dreams, drawing on support, spirituality and effective coping strategies, contribute to the mental health resilience of participants. The recommendations that emerged from this study include: providing specialised mental health support for parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities; adopting a multidisciplinary approach in service delivery and intervention that supports the entire family of children with intellectual disabilities; advocacy and education within communities, churches, and families to facilitate inclusive mindsets, not just policies, around intellectual disabilities; and implementing early interventions to support families caring for children with intellectual disabilities. Viewing this study as part of a larger study from the MSW Healthcare 2023 group, will allow a broader picture of this phenomenon across different populations in different locations in South Africa. Although this study was successful in meeting the aims and objectives, further research on this phenomenon will be valuable to social work services. Research into the impact of behavioural challenges in children with intellectual disabilities on parental isolation, and the lack of informal social support is recommended. Furthermore, the researcher recommends exploring the role of early psychosocial interventions in caring for children with intellectual disabilities to improve coping and resilience in these parents and understand the specialized mental health and support services that families caring for children with intellectual disabilities require.
A psychocriminological approach towards the male batterer
(University of Pretoria, 1989-04) Greyling, R.; deliab@mweb.co.za; Karras (Bernardi), Delia Anastasia
English: The aim of this research was to gain insight into the life-world of the male batterer. A methodology which can be described as a phenomenological approach was employed. This is a psychodynamic and essence-directed descriptive study which relates specifically to the male batterer. This research was prompted by the actuality of women battering. Another factor which also contributed towards this research was the fact that most of the knowledge on battering is construed from interviews with the victim. The researcher was therefore specifically interested in knowing how the batterer himself experienced and articulated the reality of battering. The research commenced by the embarkation upon a thorough literature study of the subject, so as to identify carefully specific distinctive characteristics with regard to the male batterer. Emphasis was especially given to the bio-psycho-sociocriminological factors which contributed to an elucidation of battering. Anonymous telephone interviews were conducted with various male batterers in order to gather information with regard to their behaviour. This procedure was utilized because possible condemnation and stigmatization could deter the male batterer from participating in a more direct personal confrontation. The fear of identification and criminal prosecution could furthermore hinder direct personal contact with the male batterer. This kind of telephone inter- view guarantees anonymity, and was therefore seen as a vehicle to encourage the batterer to volunteer an explication of his experience of battering. Anonymous telephone interviews also allowed for a sample to be drawn from the more broader normal population. Consequent to this methodology the batterers found in prison for rehabilitation, or in psychiatric hospitals for treatment were excluded. The sample is therefore more representative of the general population. Emanating from the research, it was apparent that a multi-dimensional or interdisciplinary orientation was necessary to· understand the experential and life-world of the male batterer. According to this approach the batterer could be regarded as a dynamic, multi-faceted, unique and complex being with diverse potentialities, such as the ability to be "normal" and "abnormal". Re-occurring themes with regard to the male batterer's personality were manifested during the research and indicated that the batterer experienced psychological maladjustment, yet that he was not necessarily mentally disturbed. The following are distinctive characteristics of the male batterer: Emotional dependency, depression, aggression, guilt, low self-esteem, low frustration tolerance and impulsiveness. The actuality and complexity of the phenomenon of battering indicate the necessity for further research.
Development of a Christian-based intervention programme for perpetrators of intimate partner violence
(University of Pretoria, 2018-11) Steyn, Francois; deliab@mweb.co.za; Bernardi, Delia Anastasia
Intimate partner violence is a global evil and has reached pandemic proportions with ramifications that are devastating for all parties concerned. Characteristics and causal influences that were applicable to both abusive men and abusive women were identified in order to develop and streamline a treatment according to the evidence. It was purported that therapeutic change necessitates taking responsibility. Moreover, an activated conscience with concomitant empathy is pivotal in deterring partner abuse. Effective treatment strategies need to address issues such as factors that influence the resistance to change, trauma, alcohol abuse, possible biological correlates of violence, personality disturbance and emotional lability which seems to be activated within the context of an intimate relationship. Abusive partners need to reflect upon the possible association between external triggers and personal experiences that may influence destructive behavioural patterns. The developed programme emphasised self-compassion and forgiveness, which is conducive to bolstering self-esteem, feelings of worthiness and self-regulation. In pursuit thereof, an integrated bio-psycho-sociospiritual and developmental conceptualisation of intimate partner violence was supported and challenged the prevailing gender paradigm that still forms the basis of the predominant treatment interventions that are based on the Duluth model. The research approach adopted was that of mixed methods. The research project focused on intervention or action research and entailed designing and developing an innovative genderinclusive Christian-based programme for perpetrators of intimate partner violence. A series of activities ensued, which included a collective case study, piloting, refining and finalising the preliminary draft intervention. There is a high correlation between male and female perpetration and depression. Upon completion of the intervention programme, the participants’ reduced scores for depression were statistically significant, and as a result, it could be inferred that the programme has the potential to curtail intimate partner abuse. Recommendations included that children from abusive homes who remain largely conceptualised as “witnesses” rather than “victims” must form part of a treatment strategy. Children do not witness partner abuse passively from a distance but deeply feel and experience the aftermath. A comprehensive and integrated model of prevention is postulated that necessitates multiple services, such as screening for abuse during pregnancy and substance abuse programmes, in conjunction with a family, community and church response towards the eradication of violence towards women, men and children.
Children’s perspectives on disaster risk reduction and adaptation: the case of floods in Mamelodi East
(University of Pretoria, 2024-09) Lombard, A. (Antoinette) ; ikanyengsbaloyi@gmail.com; Baloyi, Ikanyeng Stephinah
The increase in natural disasters incidents affects everyone. Children are among the most vulnerable populations severely affected by floods. The goal of the study was to determine the perspectives of children on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation to floods in Mamelodi East. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and the research paradigm was constructivism. It was an applied study which utilised an exploratory case study research design. A purposive sampling method was used to select three participants between the ages of 8 and 12 years from Viva Independent School based in Mamelodi East. Data collection was done through photo-voice and one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were guided by an interview schedule. Data was analysed through the thematic analysis method. Ethical principles considered for the study included informed consent and assent together with voluntary participation as the parents/guardians of participants provided approval for their children to participate in the research and children provided assent to voluntarily take part in the study. The findings of the study show that the participants have a comprehension of what contributes to floods in their community such as poor waste management, poorly built houses and pollution (air, land, and water). Furthermore, findings reveal several effects of floods, including diseases and death, displacement and relocation, possible emotional trauma, increased crime risks and transport challenges, and several strategies for mitigation of floods. The study concludes that pollution is the main contributor to floods in Mamelodi East and can be mitigated as it is due to human activity. In addition, mitigation of floods requires finances which have to be both the efforts of the community, including children, and the government. To stimulate child participation in DRR and mitigation, the study recommends the inclusion of DRR in children’s education and training, involvement of parents and guardians in DRR, raising community awareness on pollution and floods, improved government service delivery and maintenance of DRR stakeholder relationships.
The experiences of newly qualified social workers’ readiness in providing services to families and children in Gauteng
(University of Pretoria, 2024-08) Jordaan, Leanne; u16324367@tuks.co.za; Shai, Seboke Prodence
Transitioning from university into the professional workplace is challenging for newly qualified social workers (NQSWs). With a growing number of NQSWs entering the field, it is crucial to evaluate their experiences, to enhance academic programmes and workplace support systems. Research shows that many NQSWs lack sufficient organisational support necessary for effective service delivery to children and families. Collaborative efforts between NQSWs, senior social workers, and multidisciplinary teams within and outside organisations, as suggested by the Theory of Collaborative Advantage (TCA), are essential for overcoming challenges and maximising outcomes. This qualitative study explored NQSWs' readiness to provide services to children and families in Gauteng using an interpretivist paradigm and instrumental case study design. Seven participants were selected through purposive sampling, interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and analysed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that NQSWs perceive readiness as possessing both knowledge and skills in social work, and their experiences involve both positive and negative experiences with service users. Challenges identified included workload management and the need for more supportive organisational initiatives. Recommendations emphasise organisational support for training in critical areas like court proceedings, accessible workplace structures for disabled employees, and manageable caseloads. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are recommended to enhance curricula by integrating practical aspects such as foster care services and court procedures. Continuing professional development through seminars and workshops is also recommended to strengthen NQSWs' competencies. Future research should expand on these findings with a larger, representative sample across various social work sectors, focusing on effective support structures during the university-to-workplace transition.
Gender differences in adolescent sexting : towards a policy framework for secondary schools
(University of Pretoria, 2019) Steyn, Francois; Harris, Tara Farrer
The evolution of media technologies provides innovative opportunities for sexual exploration and intimate communication, one of which is sexting. Sexting refers to sending, receiving, and distributing self-generated sexually explicit content such as texts, photographs, and videos across social media platforms and internet-based applications. Adolescence is a life stage in which considerable developmental changes occur, including sexual maturation. Therefore, the phenomenon of adolescent sexting needs to be understood in the context of sexual development and experimentation. The study investigated the gendered nature of adolescent sexting in order to develop a policy framework for secondary schools in South Africa. Relevant literature and theoretical perspectives contextualise adolescent sexting prior to revealing gender differences in online victimisation, sexting expectancies, internet usage, and opinions regarding sexting behaviours, and the consequences of sexting. The mixed-method study followed a sequential design. For the quantitative strand, data was collected through a self-administered survey with standardised scales from 83 learners (average age of 14.74 years) in two independent schools in Gauteng, South Africa. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences which made comparisons between male and female learners possible by means of non-parametric statistical procedures. The quantitative findings were used to inform the qualitative policy analysis and the subsequent semi-structured expert and parental interviews. In total, there were 22 interview participants, 13 experts and 9 parents. Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo 12 to categorise emergent themes and sub-themes. The quantitative and qualitative empirical findings directed the development of the school-based sexting policy framework. The empirical findings of the study revealed significant gender differences in terms of adolescent sexting, as well as adolescents’ views on risk management and harm reduction strategies. Results showed significant gender discrepancies across mobile phone usage (p=0.049), online victimisation (p=0.005), being approached online for sexts (p=0.001), reporting online victimisation (p=0.049), and sexting expectancies (p=<0.001). The survey further accentuated gender differences in terms of sending (p=0.006) and forwarding (p=0.048) sexts, motivations for using the internet (p=0.016), opinions regarding sexting (p=0.003) and the negative consequences of sexting (p=0.002). The personal interviews with parents revealed diversity of opinions regarding best practice in terms of addressing adolescent sexting, while some experts advocated for less punitive and more riskmanagement and harm reduction options. One of the predominant concerns around adolescent sexting is the apparent legislative lag. The current legal stance on adolescent sexting does not take the continuum of adolescent sexting into account, neither does it allow for a differentiation between consensual and coercive sexting. The result is that policy-makers are constrained in terms of developing policies which take the best interest of the adolescents into consideration. Furthermore, it is essential that the gendered nature and other complexities of the practice are contemplated when attempting to safeguard adolescents who are part of the technological revolution which embodies digital sexual cultures.
The perceptions of social workers regarding service users with co-occurrence of opioid use and mental health disorders at the Community Oriented Substance Use Programme (COSUP)
(University of Pretoria, 2024-05) Bila, Nontembeko; lisaem.moshidi@gmail.com; Moshidi, Elizabeth
Co-occurring mental health disorders are a major public health concern globally. In South Africa, approximately 15% of individuals using substances have one or more mental health disorders, and this has overburdened the public health system. Service users with co-occurring mental health disorders require a combination of pharmacological and behavioural treatments to mitigate the symptoms and promote recovery. Social workers are among the professionals who treat mental health disorders, despite the practice impediments in the mental health field. The biopsychosocial model, in conjunction with the harm reduction model, guided this research by providing a holistic perspective of co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders. This was a qualitative study, falling within the scope of applied research as it sought to comprehend the social workers’ perceptions and offer solutions to identified challenges in practice. The study was exploratory and descriptive since it aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of social workers regarding service users with co-occurrence of opioid use and mental health disorders. It employed an instrumental case study design to establish the perceptions and experiences of social workers in working with service users with co-occurrence of opioid use and mental health disorders. The researcher used the non-probability purposive sampling method to sample social workers working at COSUP to participate in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews guided by an interview schedule, which was analysed through thematic analysis. The research findings revealed that social work services are essential in the mental health care field. Thus, social workers strive to improve and maintain the mental well-being of individuals with mental health disorders. The study has shown that even though social work services are essential, social workers seem not to have a broader outlook regarding co-occurring mental health disorders. The study discovered that lack of educational training; resources, support, and supervision are some of the challenges experienced by social workers, impacting service delivery. To address social workers’ challenges and improve services, the study recommended continuous mental health training, prioritisation of community awareness programmes, and ensuring access and availability of resources. The study radically vouches for the implementation of harm reduction programmes across the nation to deal effectively with substance use and mental health disorders. Keywords: Community-Oriented Substance Use Programme (COSUP), co-occurring disorders, mental health disorders, opioids, perceptions, service users, and social workers.
Towards an effective linkage system for HIV positive foster care children between social workers and community volunteers in the city of Johannesburg
(University of Pretoria, 2023-12-06) Gutura, Priscilla; jyvaro@gmail.com; Khosa, Jeffries Zwelithini
The goal of the study was to determine services provided to children in foster care living with HIV by social workers and community volunteers in the City of Johannesburg to develop an effective linkage system. Three theoretical frameworks underpinned this study which are social support theory, knowledge management theory and systems theory. The study employed a mixed methods approach in the form of an explanatory sequential design which implies that quantitative data was collected and analysed first followed by qualitative data. The sample consisted of foster care social workers from Department of Social Development (DSD) and community volunteers consisting of social auxiliary workers and community caregivers from Drop-in Centres (DICs). For quantitative data, 42 social workers and 100 community volunteers were selected using cluster sampling. A collective administration questionnaire was used to collect data and the data were analysed using R Core Team, 2020. For the qualitative part, purposive sampling technique was used to select 14 social workers and 20 community volunteers. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data that were analysed thematically using Nvivo. Both the quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that the social workers were playing a critical role in foster care placement in terms of supervision, disclosure support, linkage to care and referrals, psycho-social support, and informational support. However, there were fundamental challenges in foster care placements such as lack of timely supervision by the social workers, lack of training on HIV services, poor communication within DSD directorates, high volume of caseloads, lack of community profiling and lack of knowledge about the DICs. These challenges hindered social workers to carry out their mandate comprehensively and impacted on the lives of the children and their foster parents. Additionally, the social workers did not view children living with HIV as deserving more attention and that they were the responsibility of the Department of Health and HIV directorate from the DSD. On the other hand, the findings from community volunteers established that they provided HIV services to children and families in communities but mostly the beneficiaries of the community volunteers’ services were not children in foster care, but other orphan and vulnerable children. The study concluded that the gap in services from social workers could be filled by community volunteers. Consequently, the study developed guidelines for a linkage system between the social workers and community volunteers to provided services to children in foster care living with HIV.
The perceptions of social workers regarding service users with co-occurrence of opioid use and mental health disorders at the Community Oriented Substance Use Programme (COSUP)
(University of Pretoria, 2024-07-04) Carbonatto, C.L.; Bila, Nontembeko; u16105452@tuks.co.za; Mateko, Shalyne Sithabile
Co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders are a prevalent problem in South Africa. However, little is known about social workers’ perceptions of these co-occurring disorders. As such the goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of social workers regarding service users with co-occurrence of opioid use and mental health disorders at the Community Oriented Substance Use Programme (COSUP). The study adopted the qualitative research approach and served both exploratory and descriptive purposes. The research design was a case study, particularly an instrumental case study design. A purposive sampling approach was used to recruit four participants at COSUP, Tshwane, who provided their perceptions on working with service users with co-occurring opioid and mental health disorders. The data was collected using virtual interviews via Microsoft Teams, with the guide of an interview guide. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders are a cause of concern, influenced by traumatic childhood experiences, an already existing mental health disorder and socio-economic issues, such as the easy accessibility of substances, unemployment, and homelessness. Furthermore, the study found that social workers provide psychosocial services such as assessments, counselling, referrals and skills development. Social workers face challenges related to the lack of resources, infrastructure, and a lack of integration of services. The study concluded that social workers face challenges which hinder effective service provision to service users with co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders. The study recommends strengthened multisectoral collaborations that prioritise co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders to ensure increased funding and resources for effective service delivery.
The Ford resource and engagement centre (FREC) programme's contribution to mitigate poverty : perspectives from participants
(University of Pretoria, 2024-03-24) Chiwara, Peggie; ledwabajj@gmail.com; Ledwaba, Vuma Joyce
Many South Africans are living in poverty. Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires well formulated strategies for its mitigation. The goal of the study was to explore the FREC programme’s contribution to mitigating poverty from the participants’ perspectives. The study employed a qualitative research approach and an instrumental case study research design. This applied study was rooted in interpretivism, it had an exploratory purpose and utilised the sustainable livelihoods framework as its theoretical framework. The study population consisted of 10 current FREC programme participants in Mamelodi and Nellmapius in the City of Tshwane, who were selected through nonprobability purposive sampling. The data was collected using one-on-one semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic data analysis. The findings show that participants joined the FREC programme as they needed physical, human, and financial capital to engage in entrepreneurship and micro businesses in view of mitigating poverty. The findings show that the FREC programme contributes to poverty mitigation by empowering programme participants with skills and knowledge on entrepreneurship, mentoring and funding to successfully operate their micro businesses. The study concludes that poverty is best understood by the people who are experiencing it and that mitigating poverty requires support and access to a wide range of capital. The study recommends that FREC must establish a body that represents the collective interests of township-based entrepreneurs, , improves their bargaining power, and lobbies for greater governmental legislation and support for entrepreneurs and micro businesses.
A student-informed sexual harassment policy framework for higher Educational institutions in South Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2023-07) Steyn, Francois; reema.nunlall@gmail.com; Nunlall-Hiralal, Reema
The study aimed to develop a student-informed sexual harassment policy framework for higher educational institutions in South Africa because it was recognised that students are voiceless in the policy-making process. The research, therefore, followed a comprehensive and participatory approach, ensuring that the voices and perspectives of students were central to the development of the framework. The study had three main objectives. Firstly, it analysed existing sexual victimisation policies in higher educational institutions to assess how universities addressed sexual harassment. The examination provided a crucial foundation for identifying gaps and areas of improvement in current policies and for policy development. Secondly, the study sought to explore students' understanding and experiences of sexual harassment. Through online surveys, students' understanding, and experiences were gathered to inform the policy framework. This step allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, concerns, and needs of students regarding sexual harassment. Lastly, the study aimed to describe student perspectives on the fundamental components that should be included in an effective sexual harassment policy. The objective involved engaging students in meaningful discussions and consultations to gather their insights on policy content, reporting mechanisms, support services, prevention strategies, and accountability measures, amongst others. Based on the findings from these objectives, the study developed a student-informed sexual harassment policy framework for higher educational institutions. The framework emphasised proactive measures, prevention strategies, and support mechanisms. It highlighted the importance of addressing power imbalances, promoting a culture of respect and consent, and creating a safe and inclusive environment for all students. The framework also emphasised the significance of involving students in policy-making processes, ensuring their representation and agency in shaping policies that directly affect them. The study's contributions lie in its student-centred approach, incorporating the perspectives and experiences of those directly affected by sexual harassment. By centring student voices, the resulting policy framework reflects the concerns, needs, and aspirations of the student community. It provides a comprehensive and practical guide for higher education institutions to effectively address and prevent SH, fostering a culture of safety, respect, and inclusivity on campuses. Overall, this study serves as a significant step toward developing student-informed sexual harassment policies in higher educational institutions. It lays the groundwork for fostering safer and more inclusive learning environments, where students are empowered to speak out against sexual harassment and are provided with the necessary support to thrive.
Caring for children during COVID 19 : the experiences of South African families with children in middle childhood
(University of Pretoria, 2023-12) Smith, Linda; Chiba, Jenita; dewaaltanja@gmail.com; De Waal, Tanja
The COVID-19 disaster that began at the end of 20129, changed the way people all over the world functioned for a period of time. Families faced difficulties such as death of loved ones, financial difficulties and loss of income, mental health problems, hunger, loneliness and isolation. One of the important concerns was around families with children in terms of how they would cope and adjust to the demands of the crisis. This led the researcher to the consider the question “What were the experiences of South African families of caring for children in middle childhood during COVID-19?” The goal of this study was to explore, describe and understand the experience of South African families of caring for children in middle childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher wanted to know if their experience was positive or negative for these families. The researcher also wanted to explore and describe the influence of COVID-19 on the developmental milestones of children within middle childhood functioning and development. The researcher used a qualitative research approach and purposively selected six parents or caregivers who had taken care of children in middle childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic, to participate in the study. All of the participants lived in the same city in Gauteng South Africa, and they were interviewed face-to-face using a semi structured interview schedule. The transcriptions of the interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis thematically analyses. The study received ethical clearance from the University of Pretoria Humanities ethics Committee, and adhered to considerations such as written informed consent, confidentiality, reflexivity and positionality, non-maleficence or deception, and a decolonial ethical approach. Key findings for this study were that all these families had great difficulties to overcome, very little support was provided, most participants were very lonely and experienced great levels of stress regarding their children’s schooling and development. But it was also found that that families became aware of their strengths and found that they were resilient. They found that relationships became stronger, and more purposeful. It is recommended by the researcher that similar studies are needed, in different age groups. To compare what the experiences was families with children in different age groups. As a country, better disaster management should be followed in terms of providing in basic needs. As a social work system, support for families in the system can be provided in terms of providing knowledge and education on topics that is of concern. Key words: Social Work; middle childhood; families; caring; COVID-19
Social work services with children in difficult circumstances living in remote areas in Zimbabwe. The case of Mutare district
(University of Pretoria, 2024-02-19) Smith, Linda; ecnyasha@gmail.com; Mushunje, Fungai
Social services appear to be more concentrated in urban areas of Zimbabwe, with little or no social work activities in remote parts of the country. Orphans and vulnerable children living in remote areas face high rates of child abuse, neglect, poverty, child headed households, hunger and lack of access to social services. They experience a severe lack of resources with little or no social work, so Zimbabwe can be said to be lagging behind the UN Millennium Development Goals on children's rights. The main goal of the study was to explore and describe the views of teachers and community members about the challenges facing orphans and vulnerable children living in remote areas of Mutare district. The study used qualitative applied research using non-random purposive sampling to recruit five teachers from two local schools in Mutare district and a snowball technique to recruit nine community members from the study population. The researcher conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with five teachers and a focus group with nine community members. The research was based on developmental social work and human rights theoretical frameworks. The researcher followed a thematic data analysis process and ensured the quality and reliability of the results through triangulation of data collection methods and thick descriptions of the data. Some of the main findings of this study showed that many children in difficult circumstances face many vulnerabilities and structural problems such as poverty, hunger, sexual abuse, lack of shelter, disease and have very limited or no access to social services. This study drew some conclusions about the difficulties faced by orphans and vulnerable children living in remote areas of Mutare district such as high levels of poverty, child-headed households, hunger, child labour and severe lack of resources and services. The main recommendations of the study are that the Department of Social Development must be strengthened with the necessary resources to effectively respond to problems affecting orphans and vulnerable children living in remote areas of Zimbabwe.

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