The automated flow synthesis of fluorine containing organic compounds

Abstract

English: Fluorine has a rich history, spanning as far back as the 16th century in which mineral fluorides were first recognized, up to current times where it is frequently used in the pharmaceutical industry. The incorporation of fluorine within a molecule has the ability to modify the pharmacokinetic as well as physiochemical properties of that compound. This means that the presence of fluorine can have a profound impact on the nature and functioning of a drug. As a result of these properties of fluorine it has been incorporated in many successful drugs such as Prozac, Lipitor, Celebrex (celecoxib) and numerous anti-cancer agents. However, the incorporation of fluorine is not always simple, which has resulted in the development of a number of different fluorinating agents and fluorinating processes. Flow chemistry is the newest addition to this ever-evolving field, allowing for more efficient syntheses with substantially improved safety profiles and yields.

Sepedi: Florine e na le histori ye e humilego, e thomile morago kua mengwagagolong ya bo16 yeo go yona difloride tša diminerale di ilego tša lemogwa la mathomo, go fihla mehleng ya bjale moo e dirišwago gantši intasetering tša dikhemese. Go tsenywa ga florine ka gare ga molekule go na le bokgoni bja go fetoša diponagalo tša famakhokhaenethiki gammogo le tša sebopego sa dikhemikhale tša khomphaonte yeo. Se se ra gore go ba gona ga florine go ka ba le khuetšo ye kgolo tlhagong le go šomeng ga seokobatši. Ka lebaka la diponagalo tše tša fluorine e tsentšwe ka gare ga diokobatši tše ntši tše di atlegilego tša go swana le Prozac, Lipitor, Celebrex (celecoxib) le didirišwa tše ntši tša go lwantšha kankere. Le ge go le bjale, go tsenywa ga fluorine ga se ka mehla go lego bonolo, e lego seo se feleditšego ka go tšweletšwa ga palo ya didirišwa tše di fapanego tša go dira florine le ditshepedišo tša go dira florine. Khemistri ya go kelo ke tlaleletšo ye mpsha lefelong leo le fetogago ka mehla, yeo e dumelelago ditswaki tše di šomago gabotse kudu ka diphrofaele tša polokego le dipoelo tše di kaonafetšego kudu.

Afrikaans: Fluoor het 'n ryk geskiedenis, wat so ver terug as die 16de eeu strek, waarin minerale fluoriede vir die eerste keer herken is, tot vandag toe waar dit gereeld in die farmaseutiese industrie gebruik word. Die inkorporering van fluor in 'n molekule het die vermoë om die farmakokinetiese sowel as fisiochemiese eienskappe van daardie verbinding te verander. Dit beteken dat die teenwoordigheid van fluor 'n diepgaande impak op die aard en funksie van 'n geneesmiddel kan hê. As gevolg van hierdie eienskappe van fluor is dit in baie suksesvolle geneesmiddels soos Prozac, Lipitor, Celebrex (celecoxib) en talle antikankermiddels opgeneem. Die inkorporering van fluor is egter nie altyd eenvoudig nie, wat gelei het tot die ontwikkeling van 'n aantal verskillende fluoreringsmiddels en fluoreringsprosesse. Vloeichemie is die nuutste toevoeging tot hierdie steeds ontwikkelende veld, wat meer doeltreffende sinteses met aansienlik verbeterde veiligheidsprofiele en opbrengste moontlik maak.

IsiZulu: I-Fluorine inomlando ocebile, ukusukela emuva ngekhulu leminyaka eyi-16 lapho ama-fluoride weminerali aqala ukubonwa, kuze kube yimanje lapho isetshenziswa khona kakhulu embonini yezemithi. Ukufakwa kwe-fluorine ngaphakathi komzwayi kunamandla okuguqula inhlangano yokushukuma kokuthakwa kwemithi (i-pharmacokinetic) kanye nezimboni zefiziyo yokuthakwa kwemithi (i-physiochemical) yaleyo nhlanganisela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-fluorine kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ohlotsheni kanye nasekusebenzeni komuthi. Ngenxa yalezi zimo ze-fluorine isifakwe emithini eminingi ephumelelayo njenge-Prozac, i-Lipitor, i-Celebrex (i-celecoxib) kanye nama-ejenti amaningi alwisana nesifo somdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwe-fluorine akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-ejenti ahlukile enzisa okwe-fluorine kanye nezinqubo zokwenza njenge-fluorine. Ikhemistri egelezayo isengezo esisha kakhulu kulo mkhakha ohlala uguquka njalo, ivumela ukuhlelwa kwemiqondo esebenza kahle kakhulu namaphrofayili okuphepha athuthukiswe kakhulu kanye nezivuno.