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dc.contributor.author | Tinkler, O.S.![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Sole, Kathryn C.![]() |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2024-08-15T11:43:40Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-15T11:43:40Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-07 | |
dc.description | CREDIT AUTHOR STATEMENT : KCS: Investigation, data analysis, writing - original draft preparation; writing - review and editing; OST: Investigation, data analysis, writing - review and editing | en_US |
dc.description | The contents of this paper are based on a Keynote Address given at the International Solvent Extraction Conference ISEC 2022, Sweden, on 30 September 2022 by KCS and a presentation at Copper Cobalt Africa 2023, Zambia, on 13 June 2023 by OST. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Approximately 20% of current world copper cathode output is produced using a hydrometallurgical process route, generally referred to as the leach–solvent extraction–electrowinning flowsheet. Since its commercialization in the late 1960s, steady improvements in the performance and efficiency of the solvent-extraction reagents and equipment, combined with significant developments in leaching and electrowinning, have made an ever-widening range of ore types amenable to this technology. Following successful implementation on all major continents, a large proportion of growth in recent years derives from the re-emergence of copper solvent extraction in the Central African Copperbelt. This review provides a brief history of the development and evolution of copper solvent extractants and mixer-settler contactors, and the significance of the Copperbelt region in achieving commercialization and acceptance of the technology. The opportunities and challenges presented by the abundant high-grade oxide ores of the Copperbelt are contrasted with the processing of solutions derived from the low-grade mixed oxide–sulfide ore bodies that are prevalent in other geological regions. The current status of hydrometallurgical copper production in the African Copperbelt, within a global context, and a medium-term outlook for the technology are discussed. | en_US |
dc.description.department | Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering | en_US |
dc.description.librarian | am2024 | en_US |
dc.description.sdg | SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure | en_US |
dc.description.uri | http://www.saimm.co.za/journal-papers | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Tinkler, O.S. and Sole, K.C. 2023. Copper solvent extraction on the African Copperbelt: From historic origins to world-leading status. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 123, no. 7. pp. 349–356. http://dx.DOI.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2906/2023. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 2225-6253 (print) | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2411-9717 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.17159/2411-9717/2906/2023 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/97672 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | en_US |
dc.rights | © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2023. | en_US |
dc.subject | Copper | en_US |
dc.subject | Solvent extraction | en_US |
dc.subject | Review | en_US |
dc.subject | History | en_US |
dc.subject | African Copperbelt | en_US |
dc.subject | Zambia | en_US |
dc.subject | Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) | en_US |
dc.subject | SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure | en_US |
dc.title | Copper solvent extraction on the African Copperbelt : from historic origins to world-leading status | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |