dc.contributor.author |
Gwanzura, E.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Ramjugernath, D.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Iwarere, Samuel Ayodele
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2024-01-09T10:18:42Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2024-01-09T10:18:42Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2023-08 |
|
dc.description |
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The authors confirm that the data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article. |
en_US |
dc.description |
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL : FIGURE S1. Sample numerical solution presented as a ramp (numerical solutions 1). FIGURE S2. Chromatogram of pure CBZ by GC–MS in scan mode characterized by the CBZ m/z base fragments (193, 236 and 165). FIGURE S3. Mass spectra fragments CBZ after 10 minutes of plasma treatment at 0.45 A and 0 L/min. FIGURE S4. Potential initial CBZ degradation by-products. FIGURE S5. Potential final CBZ degradation by-products. TABLE S1. GC-FID oven program for quantitative analysis. TABLE S2. Linear regression of the calibration data for GC-FID measurements. TABLE S3. Results of the recovery studies (n = 3). TABLE S4. GC-FID intraday variability. TABLE S5. GC-FID inter-day variability. TABLE S6. Five sample solutions satisfying the optimisation criteria. TABLE S7. GC–MS oven program for qualitative analysis. |
en_US |
dc.description.abstract |
OBJECTIVE : The treatment of recalcitrant emerging pollutants is a major concern in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was the optimization of emerging recalcitrant pollutant degradation using carbamazepine as a representative pollutant. Investigations of the carbamazepine degradation in wastewater was carried out by manipulating discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration to maximize removal efficiency and minimize energy consumption.
METHOD : The study utilized a three-factor at two levels factorial design with randomized central runs. Discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration were the independent variables while to maximize removal efficiency and minimize energy consumption were the response variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data.
RESULTS : Discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration significantly impacted the removal efficiency to different degrees. However, for energy consumption, only current and air flow rate were the significant variables. The highest removal efficiency obtained was 93% ± 4% for 10 and 40 mg/L initial carbamazepine concentration after 10 min of plasma treatment at a current of 0.45 A and no air flow rate.
CONCLUSION : The plasma reactor demonstrated the capability to treat high cyclic organic chemical contaminant concentration in wastewater with possible applications in preconcentrated wastewater remediation. However, there is still room for reactor design optimization. One key area of focus is reducing treatment cost, which may be achieved theoretically, pending further experimental investigation, by introducing an alternating current power supply, which can reduce energy consumption by 50%–60%.
PRACTITIONER POINTS : Discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration all influenced the removal efficiency of carbamazepine.
For energy consumption, only current and air flow rate were significant variables.
Higher currents result in an improved highly reactive species and UV generation.
Treatment cost per m3 for the plasma reactor is higher than established technologies.
The plasma reactor in the study still requires significant optimization. |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Chemical Engineering |
en_US |
dc.description.librarian |
hj2023 |
en_US |
dc.description.sdg |
None |
en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Water Research Commission. |
en_US |
dc.description.uri |
http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/wer |
en_US |
dc.identifier.citation |
Gwanzura, E., Ramjugernath, D., & Iwarere, S. A. (2023). Removal efficiency and energy consumption optimization for carbamazepine degradation in
wastewater by electrohydraulic discharge. Water Environment Research, 95(8), e10915. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10915. |
en_US |
dc.identifier.issn |
1554-7531 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1002/wer.10915 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/93873 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.publisher |
Wiley |
en_US |
dc.rights |
© 2023 The Authors. Water Environment Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Water Environment Federation.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Optimization |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Nonthermal plasma |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Electrical discharges |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Degradation |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Carbamazepine |
en_US |
dc.title |
Removal efficiency and energy consumption optimization for carbamazepine degradation in wastewater by electrohydraulic discharge |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |