An exploratory study of small-scale farmers’ perceptions of land degradation in Komatipoort and how it influences their livelihoods

Abstract

Land degradation is a global challenge that affects natural resources and communities that derive their livelihoods from the land. Despite the prevalence of land degradation in South Africa and its impact on agricultural production and livelihoods, little is known about the status of land degradation and the influence it has on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Komatipoort. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of small-scale farmers on land degradation in Komatipoort and how it influences their livelihoods. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. It was an applied study with exploratory and descriptive purposes. The research design was an instrumental case study, and a purposive sampling method was used to recruit twelve small-scale farmers in Komatipoort to participate in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide. Research data was thematically analysed. The study’s findings indicate that land degradation in Komatipoort is in the form of water logging, soil salinity and soil erosion. Furthermore, livelihoods are influenced by small land sizes, water scarcity problems and damage to irrigation infrastructure which in turn reduces agriculture productivity and subsequently profits. Land degradation exacerbates small-scale farmers vulnerability because of socio-economic challenges related to lack of financial assistance, theft of produce and infrastructure and climate change. Small-scale farmers employ soil and slope management strategies to address land degradation, however efforts are limited by a lack of finances.

The study concludes that small-scale farmers lack safety buffers to cushion them from loss of livelihoods due to land degradation and other socio-economic challenges. Diversification of livelihood strategies is important for small-scale farmers to develop assets and sustainable livelihood outcomes. The study recommends intersectoral collaborations of natural and social sciences experts to address the socio-economic and environmental challenges faced by small-scale farmers. Furthermore, in addition to support from extension officers and soil experts, small-scale farmers can benefit from direct training in land management strategies to obtain sustainable livelihoods.