dc.contributor.author |
Deblauwe, Isra
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
De Wolf, Katrien
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
De Witte, Jacobus
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Schneider, Anna
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Verle, Ingrid
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Vanslembrouck, Adwine
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Smitz, Nathalie
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Demeulemeester, Julie
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Van Loo, Thomas
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Dekoninck, Wouter
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Krit, Meryam
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Madder, Maxime
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Muller, Ruth
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Van Bortel, Wim
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2023-10-03T13:07:35Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2023-10-03T13:07:35Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2022-06-13 |
|
dc.description |
Author contributions
ID drafted the manuscript and revised it after comments of all co-authors. ID,
TVL, KDW and AV carried out the mosquito identifications. ID, KDW, AS, AV, IV,
JDW, JD, TVL and WVB collected data in the field and sorted the mosquitoes in
the laboratory. WVB, ID and KDW managed the data. NS and JDW performed
the DNA barcoding. WD and AV produced the morphological reference
collection. WVB, ID, MM and RM coordinated the projects. MK performed the
statistical analysis. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors
read and approved the final manuscript. |
en_US |
dc.description |
Data supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article
and its additional file. The datasets generated and analysed during the current
study are available in the GBIF repository [44–50]. |
en_US |
dc.description |
ADDITIONAL FILE 1: TABLE S1. Overview of the trapping methods used to monitor invasive mosquito species (IMS) in Belgium during the different years (and projects) and in different risk scenarios, indicating the number of traps or larval sampling visits per site and the frequency of trapping or larval sampling. TABLE S2. Aedes albopictus detections in Belgium between 2007 and 2020 at the ten points of entry (PoEs) per year including the sampling perimeter, collection and detection methods, collection (light grey) and detection (dark grey) period, control measures (X), number of individuals (total, females, males, larvae and eggs) and project. TABLE S3. Aedes japonicus detections in Belgium between 2007 and 2020 at the four points of entry (PoEs) per year including the sampling perimeter, collection and detection methods, collection (light grey) and detection (dark grey) period, the control measures (X), number of individuals (total, females, males, larvae and eggs) and project. TABLE S4. Aedes koreicus detections in Belgium between 2007 and 2020 at the two points of entry (PoEs) per year including the sampling perimeter, collection and detection methods, collection (light grey) and detection (dark grey) period, control measures (X), number of individuals (total, females, males, larvae and eggs) and project. |
en_US |
dc.description.abstract |
Invasive mosquito species (IMS) and their associated mosquito-borne diseases are emerging in Europe. In Belgium,
the first detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) occurred in 2000 and of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald
1901) in 2002. Early detection and control of these IMS at points of entry (PoEs) are of paramount importance to slow
down any possible establishment. This article reviews the introductions and establishments recorded of three IMS
in Belgium based on published (2007–2014) and unpublished (2015–2020) data collected during several surveillance
projects. In total, 52 PoEs were monitored at least once for the presence of IMS between 2007 and 2020. These
included used tyre and lucky bamboo import companies, airports, ports, parking lots along highways, shelters for
imported cutting plants, wholesale markets, industrial areas, recycling areas, cemeteries and an allotment garden at
the country border with colonised areas. In general, monitoring was performed between April and November. Mosquitoes
were captured with adult and oviposition traps as well as by larval sampling. Aedes albopictus was detected
at ten PoEs, Ae. japonicus at three PoEs and Aedes koreicus (Edwards 1917) at two PoEs. The latter two species have
established overwintering populations. The percentage of PoEs positive for Ae. albopictus increased significantly over
years. Aedes albopictus is currently entering Belgium through lucky bamboo and used tyre trade and passive ground
transport, while Ae. japonicus through used tyre trade and probably passive ground transport. In Belgium, the import
through passive ground transport was first recorded in 2018 and its importance seems to be growing. Belgium is
currently at the invasion front of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus. The surveillance and control management actions at
well-known PoEs associated to long-distance introductions are more straightforward than at less-defined PoEs associated
with short-distance introductions from colonised areas. These latter PoEs represent a new challenge for IMS
management in Belgium in the coming years. Aedes albopictus is expected to become established in Belgium in the
coming years, hence increasing the likelihood of local arbovirus transmission. The implementation of a sustainable,
structured and long-term IMS management programme, integrating active and passive entomological surveillance,
vector control and Public Health surveillance is therefore pivotal. |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Veterinary Tropical Diseases |
en_US |
dc.description.librarian |
am2023 |
en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The MODIRISK project (2007–2010) was funded by the Belgian Science Policy Programs; the EXOSURV project (2012) by the Federal, Flemish, Walloon and Brussels Capital region governments, the FASFC project (2013–2016) by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC), the MEMO and MEMO+2020 projects (2017–2020) by the Flemish, Walloon and Brussels regional governments and the Federal Public Service (FPS) Public Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment in the context of the National Environment and Health Action Plan (NEHAP) (Belgium), and the DiMoc project by the 2018–2019 BiodivERsA3 ERA-Net COFUND programme with the funding organisation FWO. The Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern is financed by the Belgian Science Policy Office (Belspo) as Belgian federal in-kind contribution to the European Research Infrastructure Consortium “LifeWatch”. The Outbreak Research Team of the Institute of Tropical Medicine is financially supported by the Department of Economy, Science and Innovation of the Flemish government. |
en_US |
dc.description.uri |
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com |
en_US |
dc.identifier.citation |
Deblauwe, I, De Wolf, K., De Witte, J. et al. 2022, 'From a long‑distance threat to the invasion front : a review of the invasive Aedes mosquito species in Belgium between 2007 and 2020', Parasites & Vectors, vol. 15, art. 206, pp. 1-17. DOI : 10.1186/s13071-022-05303-w. |
en_US |
dc.identifier.issn |
1756-3305 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1186/s13071-022-05303-w |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/92678 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.publisher |
BMC |
en_US |
dc.rights |
© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Aedes albopictus |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Aedes japonicus japonicus |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Aedes koreicus |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Mosquito monitoring |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Exotic mosquito species |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Surveillance |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Introduction pathways |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Establishment |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Point of entry |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Culicidae |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Invasive mosquito species (IMS) |
en_US |
dc.title |
From a long‑distance threat to the invasion front : a review of the invasive Aedes mosquito species in Belgium between 2007 and 2020 |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |