Abstract:
ORIENTATION: Uncertainty about which measurement model of the MACE work-to-family
enrichment scale (MACE-W2FE) is best supported by the data called for clarification.
RESEARCH PURPOSE: The main aim of our study was to get clarity on the dimensionality of the
MACE-W2FE. The secondary aim was to test for approximate invariance of the measure for
gender groups.
MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Variations in the reported measurement models for the
MACE-W2FE between studies are not conducive for theory development and called
for clarification. Previous models reported were a multidimensional model and a secondorder model. Approximate measurement invariance is a prerequisite for study differences
between gender groups.
RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: We did seek to resolve the problem by using bifactor
model analysis, factor strength indices and local indicator misspecification analyses using a
sample of 786 South African employees. Invariance was tested using the alignment optimisation
method.
MAIN FINDINGS: In this study, we solved a substantive research problem by determining that
the data from the study best supported a single breadth factor or first-order factor model that
was essentially unidimensional. The invariance tests across gender groups confirmed
approximate configural, measurement and scalar invariances for the unidimensional model.
PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Researchers and practitioners may include the MACEW2FE in studies as a single-aggregated score without negligible loss in measurement precision.
Contribution/value-add: The extended confirmatory factor analyses we conducted proved
valuable in resolving the MACE-W2FE’s dimensionality vacillations, thereby enhancing the
validity of inferences made from scale scores.
