Lolium species

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dc.contributor.author Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)
dc.contributor.author Venter, Elna
dc.contributor.other University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology
dc.coverage.spatial Africa en
dc.coverage.spatial South Africa en
dc.date.accessioned 2008-12-22T11:14:20Z
dc.date.available 2008-12-22T11:14:20Z
dc.date.issued 2002
dc.description Colour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG, 72 ppi. Photo 1: 9.7 kb; Photo 2: 24.7 kb; Photo 3: 24.6 kb; Photo 4: 10.5 kb; Photo 5: 47.1 kb; Photo 6: 18.5 kb. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria. en
dc.description.abstract DISTRIBUTION: Agriculturally cultivated, also growing in disturbed places. en
dc.description.abstract BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: General: An annual, dense, tufted, soft grass. Leaves: The leaves are green and shiny and the culms usually unbranched. Flowers: The inflorescence is flat with the spikelets evenly arranged on either side of the central axis. The size of the awns is up to 10 mm, which distinguishes it from Lolium perenne. en
dc.description.abstract TOXIC PRINCIPLE: The seedheads can contain nematode galls (Anguina sp.) but when they are overgrown by the bacterium, Rathayibacter toxicus, bacterial galls containing the neurotoxic orynetoxin are produced. en
dc.description.abstract SYNDROMES: ARGT - Annual Rye Grass Toxicosis ABPE – Acute Pulmonary Oedema and Emphysema. en
dc.description.abstract SYSTEMS AFFECTED: Central nervous and respiratory systems. en
dc.description.abstract CLINICAL SIGNS: Clinical signs precipitated by disturbing or exercising - especially in mild cases. Chase animals for 100-200 metres if suspected. • Hypersensitivity• Muscular twitching• Locomotory disturbances - unsteady, saw horse gait or high-stepping gait • Clonic/tonic convulsions (1-3 minutes). Lateral recumbent. Opisthotonus - legs extended • Permanent recumbent with leg paddling, twitching, trembling and show nystagmus Death 4 - 12 hours after onset. en
dc.description.abstract NECROPSY: Macroscopical findings: • Rapid rigor mortis • Lung oedema • Subepi- and endocardial haemorrhages • Hepatosis. en
dc.description.abstract HISTOPATHOLOGY: • Not much. • CNS changes consistent with anoxia arising from vascular obstruction. en
dc.description.abstract TREATMENT: •Tranquillizers and sedatives eg. Diazepam / xylazine • MgSO4 injections (every 6-8 hours for 3 days) 200mg/kg/ i/m. en
dc.description.abstract CONTROL: • Inspect stock on ryegrass pastures every day or even twice/day. Outbreak: Remove animals immediately • Identify infestation: Representative seed specimens collected from camps and forward to Stellenbosch for final identification. Identify the eelworm and bacterial galls with the aid of a stereomicroscope. If infested: • Grow wheat, rye or barley and spray with herbicide to kill rye grass. • Graze heavily before seed heads mature • High mowing of pasture • Burn toxic pasture. en
dc.description.uri http://www.library.up.ac.za/vet/poison en
dc.identifier.citation Botha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa. en
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8529
dc.rights ©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues. en
dc.source Original format: University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science. en
dc.subject Plant poisoning en
dc.subject Toxicology en
dc.subject Plant poisoning in animals en
dc.subject Poisonous plants en
dc.subject Rathayibacter toxicus en
dc.subject Corynetoxins en
dc.subject.lcsh Poisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, Southern en
dc.subject.lcsh Veterinary toxicology en
dc.title Lolium species en
dc.title.alternative Annual rye grass en
dc.title.alternative Eenjarige raaigras af
dc.title.alternative Lolium multiflorum en
dc.type Still Image en


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