Abstract:
Climate change is expected to affect the livelihood of rural farmers in South Africa, particularly the smallholder farmers, due to their overwhelming
dependence on rain-fed agriculture. This study examines smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change, the adaptation
strategies adopted and factors that influence their adaptive decisions. The unit of data collection was household interview and focus
group discussion. Climate data for the Olifants catchment (1986–2015) were also collected to validate farmers’ perception of climate
change with actual climate trend. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Kendall trend, Sen’s slope estimator
and multinomial logit regression model. Results revealed that smallholder farmers are aware of climate change (98%), their perception of
these changes aligns with actual meteorological data, as the Mann–Kendall test confirms a decreasing inter-annual rainfall trend ( 0.172)
and an increasing temperature trend (0.004). These changes in temperature and precipitation have prompted the adoption of various adaptation
responses, among which the use of improved seeds, application of chemical fertilizer and changing planting dates were the most
commonly practised. The main barriers to the adoption of adaptation strategies were lack of access to credit facility, market, irrigation, information
about climate change and lack of extension service. The implication of this study is to provide information to policy-makers on the
current adaptation responses adopted by farmers and ways in which their adaptive capacity can be improved in order to ensure food
security.
