Evolution of lifestyles in Capnodiales
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Date
Authors
Abdollahzadeh, J.
Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias
Coetzee, Martin Petrus Albertus
Wingfield, Michael J.
Crous, Pedro W.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
The Capnodiales, which includes fungi known as the sooty moulds, represents the second largest order in Dothideomycetes, encompassing morphologically
and ecologically diverse fungi with different lifestyles and modes of nutrition. They include saprobes, plant and human pathogens, mycoparasites, rock-inhabiting fungi
(RIF), lichenised, epi-, ecto- and endophytes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the lifestyles and evolutionary patterns of the Capnodiales as well as to reconsider
their phylogeny by including numerous new collections of sooty moulds, and using four nuclear loci, LSU, ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2. Based on the phylogenetic results,
combined with morphology and ecology, Capnodiales s. lat. is shown to be polyphyletic, representing seven different orders. The sooty moulds are restricted to
Capnodiales s. str., while Mycosphaerellales is resurrected, and five new orders including Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and
Racodiales are introduced. Four families, three genera, 21 species and five combinations are introduced as new. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction analysis revealed
that the saprobic lifestyle is a primitive state in Capnodiales s. lat., and that several transitions have occurred to evolve lichenised, plant and human parasitic, ectophytic
(sooty blotch and flyspeck) and more recently epiphytic (sooty mould) lifestyles.
Description
Supplementary Table S1. Details of the isolates included in this study. Type cultures and sequences generated in this study are in bold face.
Supplementary Figure S1. Original phylogenetic tree inferred from a Bayesian analysis based on a concatenated alignment of LSU, TEF-1α and RPB2. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (MLBS) are indicated at the nodes (BPP/MLBS). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Families and orders are highlighted in blocks of different colour and indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was rooted with Venturia inaequalis (CBS 594.70).
Supplementary Figure S1. Original phylogenetic tree inferred from a Bayesian analysis based on a concatenated alignment of LSU, TEF-1α and RPB2. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (MLBS) are indicated at the nodes (BPP/MLBS). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Families and orders are highlighted in blocks of different colour and indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was rooted with Venturia inaequalis (CBS 594.70).
Keywords
Capnodiales, Cladosporium, Mycosphaerella, Multigene phylogeny, Sooty moulds
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Abdollahzadeh, J., Groenewald, J.Z., Coetzee, M.P.A. et al. 2020, 'Evolution of lifestyles in Capnodiales', Studies in Mycology, vol. 95, pp. 381-414.