Development of an updated global land In situ‐based data set of temperature and precipitation extremes : HadEX3
Dunn, Robert J.H.; Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; Zhang, Xuebin; Bador, Margot; Herold, Nicholas; Lippmann, Tanya; Allan, Rob; Aguilar, Enric; Barry, Abdoul Aziz; Brunet, Manola; Caesar, John; Chagnaud, Guillaume; Cheng, Vincent; Cinco, Thelma; Durre, Imke; De Guzman, Rosaline; Htay, Tin Mar; Wan Ibadullah, Wan Maisarah; Bin Ibrahim, Muhammad Khairul Izzat; hoshkam, Mahbobeh K; Kruger, Andries C.; Kubota, Hisayuki; Wee Leng, Tan; Lim, Gerald; Li‐Sha, Lim; Marengo, Jose; Mbatha, Sifiso; McGree, Simon; Menne, Matthew; De los Milagros Skansi, Maria; Ngwenya, Sandile; Nkrumah, Francis; Oonariya, Chalump; Pabon‐Caicedo, Jose Daniel; Panthou, Geremy; Pham, Cham; Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh; Ramos, Andrea; Salgado, Ernesto; Salinger, Jim; Sane, Youssouph; Sopaheluwakan, Ardhasena; Srivastava, Arvind; Sun, Ying; Timbal, Bertrand; Timbal, Bertrand; Trachow, Nichanun; Trewin, Blair; Van der Schrier, Gerard; Vazquez‐Aguirre, Jorge; Vasquez, Ricardo; Villarroel, Claudia; Vincent, Lucie; Vischel, Theo; Vose, Russ; Bin Hj Yussof, Mohd Noor'Arifin
Date:
2020-07-02
Abstract:
We present the second update to a data set of gridded land‐based temperature and precipitation
extremes indices: HadEX3. This consists of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from
daily, in situ observations and recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert
Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices have been calculated at around
7,000 locations for temperature and 17,000 for precipitation. The annual (and monthly) indices have been
interpolated on a 1.875°×1.25° longitude‐latitude grid, covering 1901–2018. We show changes in these indices by examining ”global”‐average time series in comparison with previous observational data sets and
also estimating the uncertainty resulting from the nonuniform distribution of meteorological stations.
Both the short and long time scale behavior of HadEX3 agrees well with existing products. Changes in the
temperature indices are widespread and consistent with global‐scale warming. The extremes related to daily
minimum temperatures are changing faster than the maximum. Spatial changes in the linear trends of
precipitation indices over 1950–2018 are less spatially coherent than those for temperature indices. Globally,
there are more heavy precipitation events that are also more intense and contribute a greater fraction to
the total. Some of the indices use a reference period for calculating exceedance thresholds. We present a
comparison between using 1961–1990 and 1981–2010. The differences between the time series of the
temperature indices observed over longer time scales are shown to be the result of the interaction of the
reference period with a warming climate.
