dc.contributor.author |
Richter, Loandi
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Du Plessis, Erika Margarete
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Duvenage, Stacey
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Korsten, Lise
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-10-05T14:38:00Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2020-10-05T14:38:00Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2020-04-15 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum
b-lactamase- (ESBL) and/or AmpC b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in
health care systems, the environment and fresh produce is a serious concern globally.
Production practices, processing and subsequent consumption of contaminated raw
fruit and vegetables represent a possible human transmission route. The purpose of this
study was to determine the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in
complete spinach supply chains and to characterize the isolated strains phenotypically
(antimicrobial resistance profiles) and genotypically (ESBL/AmpC genetic determinants,
detection of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons). Water, soil, fresh produce, and contact
surface samples (n = 288) from two commercial spinach production systems were
screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In total, 14.58% (42/288)
of the samples were found to be contaminated after selective enrichment, plating
onto chromogenic media and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometry identity confirmation of presumptive ESBL/AmpC isolates. This
included 15.28% (11/72) water and 12.12% (16/132) harvested- and processed
spinach, while 25% (15/60) retail spinach samples were found to be contaminated with
an increase in isolate abundance and diversity in both scenarios. Dominant species
identified included Serratia fonticola (45.86%), Escherichia coli (20.83%), and Klebsiella
pneumoniae (18.75%). In total, 48 (81.36%) isolates were phenotypically confirmed as
ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae of which 98% showed a MDR phenotype.
Genotypic characterization (PCR of ESBL/AmpC resistance genes and integrons)
further revealed the domination of the CTX-M Group 1 ESBL type, followed by
TEM and SHV; whilst the CIT-type was the only plasmid-mediated AmpC genetic determinant detected. Integrons were detected in 79.17% (n = 38) of the confirmed ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates, of which we highlight the high prevalence of class 3
integrons, detected in 72.92% (n = 35) of the isolates, mostly in S. fonticola. Class 2
integrons were not detected in this study. This is the first report on the prevalence of
ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated throughout commercial spinach
production systems harboring class 1 and/or class 3 integrons in Gauteng Province,
South Africa. The results add to the global knowledge base regarding the prevalence
and characteristics of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fresh vegetables
and the agricultural environment required for future risk analysis. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Plant Production and Soil Science |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2020 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The Department of Science and Technology–National Research,
Foundation (NRF), Centre of Excellence in Food Security,
the Water Research Commission (WRC) funded project
“Measurement of water pollution determining the sources and
changes of microbial contamination and impact on food safety
from farming to retail level for fresh vegetables” (WRC Project
No K5/2706/4, Water Research Commission Knowledge Review
2017/18) and the Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in
Research (PEER) a USAID/DST funded project Characterizing
and tracking of antimicrobial resistance in the water-plant-food
public health interface (Grant no. 48). |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.frontiersin.org/Microbiology |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Richter L, du Plessis EM,
Duvenage S and Korsten L (2020)
Occurrence, Phenotypic
and Molecular Characterization
of Extended-Spectrum- and AmpC-
-Lactamase Producing
Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From
Selected Commercial Spinach Supply
Chains in South Africa.
Frontiers in Microbiology 11:638.
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00638. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1664-302X (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.3389/fmicb.2020.00638 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76344 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Frontiers Media |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2020 Richter, du Plessis, Duvenage and Korsten. This is an open-access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY). |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Leafy green vegetables |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Irrigation water |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Fresh produce production systems |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Occurrence, phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum- and AmpC-beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae isolated from selected commercial spinach supply chains in South Africa |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |