dc.contributor.author |
Kabangu Mpinga, John
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Lubbe, S.J. (Salomon)
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Crouse, Philippus L.
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-07-22T12:59:17Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2020-07-22T12:59:17Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2019-01 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
Zirconium and hafnium are shown to be separable using 2-octanol (C8H18O) as an extractant. Zirconium basic
carbonate was dissolved using hydrochloric acids at concentrations ranging from 5 % to 20 %. Potassium
fluoride was found to be crucial to the process. Its effect was investigated in the concentration range of 1 M to
3 M. The optimum conditions obtained for extraction were 10 wt % HCl in a 1.5 M KF solution, a contact time
of 15 minutes, and 100 % 2-octanol. Under these conditions, the separation factor of zirconium and hafnium is
9.2 with a maximum extraction percentage of 96.58 % of zirconium. The optimum conditions for stripping of
zirconium were found to be 3 M H2SO4 as stripping agent, an A/O ratio of 1:1 and 40 minutes contact time.
The McCabe-Thiele diagrams constructed from the experimental data indicate that four and five equilibrium
stages are sufficient for the extraction and stripping of zirconium respectively. A recovery of 97.25 % of
hafnium was obtained using a mixture of oxalic acid and nitric acid as a stripping agent. A study of chemical
speciation in the two phases would be important for the improvement of the process. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Chemical Engineering |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2020 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The University of Pretoria, the South African Research Foundation (NRF) and
the Advanced Metals Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.cetjournal.it |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Kabangu J.M., Lubbe S., Crouse P.L., 2019, Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Extraction with 2-octanol.,
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 75, 631-636 DOI:10.3303/CET1975106. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.isbn |
978-88-95608-71-6 |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
2283-9216 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.3303/CET1975106 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75397 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Zirconium |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Hafnium |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Hydrochloric acids |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Potassium fluoride |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Separation of zirconium and hafnium by extraction with 2-octanol |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |