Longitudinal adherence to maternal antiretroviral therapy and infant Nevirapine prophylaxis from 6 weeks to 18 months postpartum amongst a cohort of mothers and infants in South Africa

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dc.contributor.author Larsen, Anna
dc.contributor.author Magasana, Vuyolwethu
dc.contributor.author Dinh, Thu-Ha
dc.contributor.author Ngandu, Nobubelo Kwanele
dc.contributor.author Lombard, Carl
dc.contributor.author Cheyip, Mireille
dc.contributor.author Ayale, Kassahun
dc.contributor.author Chirinda, Witness
dc.contributor.author Kindra, Gurpreet
dc.contributor.author Goga, Ameena Ebrahim
dc.date.accessioned 2020-07-10T14:47:40Z
dc.date.available 2020-07-10T14:47:40Z
dc.date.issued 2019-09-16
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND : Despite improved policies to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT), adherence to maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) and infant Nevirapine prophylaxis (NVP) is low in South Africa. We describe ART adherence amongst a cohort of HIV-positive mothers and HIV-exposed but uninfected infants from 6 weeks until 18 months post-delivery and identify risk factors for nonadherence. METHODS : Data were collected in 2012–2014 through a nationally representative survey of PMTCT effectiveness. Mother-infant pairs were enrolled during the infant’s first immunization visit at 6 weeks. Mothers and HIV-exposed infants (2811 pairs) were followed to 18 months at 3-month intervals. Mothers who self-reported being on ART at 6 weeks postpartum (N = 1572 (55.9%)) and infants on NVP at 6 weeks (N = 2370 (84.3%)) were eligible for this analysis and information about their adherence was captured at each interview they attended thereafter. We defined nonadherence within each 3-month interval as self-report of missing > 5% of daily ART/NVP doses, estimated adherence using a Cox survival curve with Andersen & Gill setup for recurring events, and identified risk factors for nonadherence with an extended Cox regression model (separately for mothers and infants) in Stata 13. Results are not nationally representative as this is a subgroup analysis of the follow-up cohort. RESULTS : Amongst mothers on ART at 6 weeks postpartum, cumulative adherence to maternal ART until 18months was 63.4%. Among infants on NPV at 6 weeks postpartum, adherence to NVP was 74.5%.. Risk factors for nonadherence to maternal ART, controlling for other factors, included mother’s age (16–24 years vs. ≥34 years, adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.5), nondisclosure of HIV status to anyone (nondisclosure vs. disclosure: aHR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.1), and timing of ART initiation (initiated ART after delivery vs. initiated ART before delivery: aHR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–2.0). Provincial variation was seen in nonadherence to infant NVP, controlling for other factors. CONCLUSION : Maintaining ART adherence until 18 months postpartum remains a crucial challenge, with maternal ART adherence among the six week maternal ART cohort below 65% and infant NVP adherence among breastfeeding infants in this cohort below 75%.This is gravely concerning, given the global policy shift to lifelong ART amongst pregnant and lactating women, and the need for extended infant prophylaxis amongst mothers who are not virally suppressed. Our findings suggest that young mothers and mothers who do not disclose their status should be targeted with messages to improve adherence, and that late maternal ART initiation (after delivery) increases the risk of maternal nonadherence. en_ZA
dc.description.department Paediatrics and Child Health en_ZA
dc.description.librarian am2020 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, under the terms of Cooperative Agreement Number 5U2GPS001137–4 and the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC). en_ZA
dc.description.uri https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Larsen, A., Magasana, V., Dinh, T.-H. et al. 2019, 'Longitudinal adherence to maternal antiretroviral therapy and infant Nevirapine prophylaxis from 6 weeks to 18 months postpartum amongst a cohort of mothers and infants in South Africa', BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, art. 789, suppl. 1, pp. 1-13. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 1471-2334 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1186/s12879-019-4341-4
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75138
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher BioMed Central en_ZA
dc.rights © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. en_ZA
dc.subject HIV-exposed infants en_ZA
dc.subject Postnatal care en_ZA
dc.subject Missed visits en_ZA
dc.subject Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) en_ZA
dc.subject Antiretroviral therapy (ART) en_ZA
dc.subject South Africa (SA) en_ZA
dc.subject Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) en_ZA
dc.subject Nevirapine prophylaxis (NVP) en_ZA
dc.title Longitudinal adherence to maternal antiretroviral therapy and infant Nevirapine prophylaxis from 6 weeks to 18 months postpartum amongst a cohort of mothers and infants in South Africa en_ZA
dc.type Article en_ZA


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