dc.contributor.author |
Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M
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dc.contributor.author |
Sera, Francesco
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dc.contributor.author |
Liu, Cong
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dc.contributor.author |
Armstrong, Ben
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dc.contributor.author |
Milojevic, Ai
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dc.contributor.author |
Guo, Yuming
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dc.contributor.author |
Tong, Shilu
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dc.contributor.author |
Lavigne, Eric
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dc.contributor.author |
Kysely, Jan
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dc.contributor.author |
Urba, Ales
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dc.contributor.author |
Orru, Hans
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dc.contributor.author |
Indermitte, Ene
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dc.contributor.author |
Pascal, Mathilde
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dc.contributor.author |
Huberr, Veronika
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dc.contributor.author |
Schneide, Alexandra
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dc.contributor.author |
Katsouyanni, Klea
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dc.contributor.author |
Samoli, Evangelia
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dc.contributor.author |
Stafoggia, Massimo
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dc.contributor.author |
Scortichini, Matteo
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dc.contributor.author |
Hashizume, Masahiro
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dc.contributor.author |
Honda, Yasushi
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dc.contributor.author |
Sheng Ng, Chris Fook
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dc.contributor.author |
Hurtado-Diaz, Magali
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dc.contributor.author |
Cruz, Julio
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dc.contributor.author |
Silva, Susana
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dc.contributor.author |
Madureira, Joana
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dc.contributor.author |
Scovronick, Noah
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dc.contributor.author |
Garland, Rebecca M.
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dc.contributor.author |
Kim, Ho
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dc.contributor.author |
Tobias, Aurelio
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dc.contributor.author |
Iniguez, Carmen
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dc.contributor.author |
Forsberg, Bertil
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dc.contributor.author |
Astrom, Christofer
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dc.contributor.author |
Ragettli, Martina S.
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dc.contributor.author |
Roosli, Martin
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dc.contributor.author |
Guo, Yue-Liang Leon
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dc.contributor.author |
Chen, Bing-Yu
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dc.contributor.author |
Zanobetti, Antonella
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dc.contributor.author |
Schwartz, Joel
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dc.contributor.author |
Bell, Michelle L.
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dc.contributor.author |
Kan, Haidong
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dc.contributor.author |
Gasparrini, Antonio
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dc.date.accessioned |
2020-04-14T14:56:41Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2020-04-14T14:56:41Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2020-02 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
OBJECTIVE : To assess short term mortality risks and excess
mortality associated with exposure to ozone in several
cities worldwide. DESIGN : Two stage time series analysis. SETTING : 406 cities in 20 countries, with overlapping periods
between 1985 and 2015, collected from the database of
Multi-City Multi-Country Collaborative Research Network. POPULATION : Deaths for all causes or for external causes only
registered in each city within the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Daily total mortality (all or non-external causes only). RESULTS : A total of 45 165 171 deaths were analysed in the
406 cities. On average, a 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone
during the current and previous day was associated
with an overall relative risk of mortality of 1.0018
(95% confidence interval 1.0012 to 1.0024). Some
heterogeneity was found across countries, with
estimates ranging from greater than 1.0020 in the
United Kingdom, South Africa, Estonia, and Canada
to less than 1.0008 in Mexico and Spain. Short term
excess mortality in association with exposure to ozone
higher than maximum background levels (70 μg/
m3) was 0.26% (95% confidence interval 0.24% to
0.28%), corresponding to 8203 annual excess deaths
(95% confidence interval 3525 to 12 840) across the
406 cities studied. The excess remained at 0.20%
(0.18% to 0.22%) when restricting to days above the
WHO guideline (100 μg/m3), corresponding to 6262
annual excess deaths (1413 to 11 065). Above more
lenient thresholds for air quality standards in Europe,
America, and China, excess mortality was 0.14%,
0.09%, and 0.05%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : Results suggest that ozone related mortality could
be potentially reduced under stricter air quality
standards. These findings have relevance for the
implementation of efficient clean air interventions and
mitigation strategies designed within national and
international climate policies. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2020 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
This work was primarily supported by the UK Medical
Research Council (MR/M022625/1 and MR/R013349/1) and by
the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R009384/1).
HaK was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (91843302 and 91643205) and China Medical Board
Collaborating Program (16-250). JM was supported by the Fundação
para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the scholarship SFRH/
BPD/115112/2016. VH was supported by the Spanish Ministry of
Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, PCIN-2017-046)
and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF,
01LS1201A2). AU and JK were supported by the Czech Science
Foundation (18-22125S). HO and EI were supported by the Estonian
Ministry of Education and Research (IUT34-17). AT was supported
by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science invitational
fellowships for research in Japan (S18149). YG was supported by
the career development fellowship of the Australian National Health
and Medical Research Council (APP1107107 and APP1163693).
ST was supported by the Science and Technology Commission of
Shanghai Municipality (18411951600). HoK was supported by the
Global Research Laboratory (#K21004000001-10A0500-0710)
through the National Research Foundation of Korea and by the
Future Planning and Korea Ministry of Environment as the “Climate
Change Correspondence R&D Program” (2013001310002). RMG
was supported by a CSIR parliamentary grant. NS is supported by the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences funded HERCULES
Centre (P30ES019776). |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.bmj.com/thebmj |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Vicedo-Cabrera, A.M., Sera, F., Liu, C. et al. 2020. Short term association between ozone and mortality: global two stage time series study in 406 locations in 20 countries. BMJ 2020;368:m108
http://dx.DOI.org/ 10.1136/bmj.m108. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
0959-8138 (print) |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
1756-1833 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1136/bmj.m108 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74148 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
BMJ Publishing Group |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© The Author(s). 2019. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Short term association between ozone and mortality : global two stage time series study in 406 locations in 20 countries |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |