The socio-economic effects of xenophobic attacks on refugee entrepreneurs in Atteridgeville

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to apply a qualitative research method to explore and describe the socio-economic effects of xenophobic attacks on refugee entrepreneurs in Atteridgeville, South Africa. The population of the study was refugee entrepreneurs, and a sample of those affected by the xenophobic attacks, were selected using the snowball sampling technique. The study followed a phenomenological research design in order to understand the lived experience of those affected by xenophobic attacks. Data was collected using the semi-structured one-on-one interview. An interview schedule, containing a set of questions, was used as a guide during the interviews to ensure that all participants were asked the same questions. The collected data was then grouped into themes. Main themes and sub-themes were identified for further interpretation and a summary and conclusions were drawn to create an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of xenophobia, as well as its influence on the socio-economic wellbeing of those it affected. The result of this study revealed the following: 1) Migration is a precursor for xenophobic attacks considering most attacks are sparked by the movement of people from other parts of the continent into South Africa. The study also revealed that migrants encounter a number of bureaucratic challenges in the quest to formalise their asylum status. 2) Xenophobia is caused by numerous factors including jealousy, hatred of foreigners, unemployment and lack of job opportunities for young black South Africans. In addition, poverty and crime were identified as factors perpetuating xenophobic attacks. 3) Xenophobic attacks have tremendous effects on those affected in terms of their physical and psychological well-being. The attacks further contribute to family disintegration, social isolation and destruction of business operations. 4) Although Government, faith-based organisations and some community members provided support and assistance in the aftermath of the attacks, their efforts were often inadequate and uncoordinated. Finally, the study revealed that financial aid to re-establish businesses and security are the services most needed by those affected by xenophobic attacks. In addition, awareness campaigns should be conducted by the government and/or other non-government service providers to highlight the plight of those affected by xenophobia.