BACKGROUND: Type XI collagen, which is expressed in developing tendons and is encoded by the COL11A1, COL11A2 and COL2A1 genes, shares structural and functional homology with type V collagen, which plays an important role ...

Muscles, tendons, joints and nerves are susceptible to injury when stressed or traumatised repetitively, or over an extended period of time. Regardless of the nature of the work, a large proportion of the working population’s ...

Cardiovascular disease is a major public health concern and it can be modified by diet, exercise and health awareness. However the impact of these interventions on the autonomic control of heart rate as measured by heart ...

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology affecting the synovial membrane of joints and surrounding tissues. Typically RA affects both large and small joints in a ...

Paget-Schroetter syndrome or effort thrombosis is a rare condition with potentially severe consequences, affecting young and otherwise healthy athletes. Its classic clinical presentation should be rapidly identified to ...

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, with an estimated 240 million (in 2000) 1 to 265 million (in 2006) players participating in the game. The sport involves intermittent walking, jogging, running and ...

Rugby union is a collision sport with a relatively high risk of injury. The ability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) or its component tests to predict the occurrence of severe (≥28 days) injuries in professional ...

There are many concerns about exercise during pregnancy, with medical advice historically dissuading women from continuing or initiating regular exercise programmes. However, research has shown that high levels of ...

Guidelines for returning a concussed player to sport had been somewhat controversial and nebulous until the emergence of a series of international consensus meetings and statements initiated in 2001. The Vienna (2001), ...

This case report describes the rare anomaly of an absent right anterior scalene muscle presenting with the symptoms and signs of the thoracic outlet syndrome. The thoracic outlet syndrome in our patient can be attributed ...