Browsing Research Articles (Chemical Engineering) by Author "Kruger, Hermanus Joachim"

Browsing Research Articles (Chemical Engineering) by Author "Kruger, Hermanus Joachim"

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  • Characterization of commercial expandable graphite fire retardants 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Badenhorst, Heinrich; Mhike, Washington; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Lombaard, Dewan (Elsevier, 2014-05)
    Thermal analysis and other techniques were employed to characterize two expandable graphite samples. The expansion onset temperatures of the expandable graphite’s were ca. 220 °C and 300 °C respectively. The key finding ...
  • Cone calorimeter study of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire-retardant additives 
    Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert; Ofosu, Osei (Sage, 2014-06)
    Polyethylene was flame retarded with two intumescent-type additives, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate and ethylenediamine phosphate, which differ with respect to their decomposition onset temperatures, along with varying ...
  • Flexible PVC flame retarded with expandable graphite 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Muiambo, H.F. (Herminio Francisco); Mhike, Washington; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Ofosu, Osei (Elsevier, 2014-02)
    The utility of expandable graphite as a flame retardant for PVC, plasticized with 60 phr of a phosphate ester, was investigated. Cone calorimeter results, at a radiant flux of 35 kW m-2, revealed that adding only 5 wt.% ...
  • Graphite foam from pitch and expandable graphite 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Badenhorst, Heinrich; Ramjee, Shatish; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Van Schalkwyk, Riaan; Rand, Brian (Elsevier, 2014-07)
    Graphite foams were prepared from a coal tar pitch that was partially converted into mesophase. Expandable graphite was used instead of an inert gas to ‘‘foam’’ the pitch. The resulting foam was subjected to a series of ...
  • Polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and a novel intumescent additive 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert; Ofosu, Osei (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-07)
    A novel intumescent additive was synthesized by neutralizing 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride salt with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This compound, which melts at 257 °C, decomposes concurrently to release carbon ...
  • Thermal properties of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire retardant additives 
    Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert (Wiley, 2017-10)
    Low-density polyethylene was flame retarded by combinations of expandable graphite with either ethylenediamine phosphate or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate. Cone calorimeter, laser pyrolysis, and open flame exposure tests ...