Browsing Chemical Engineering by Author "Kruger, Hermanus Joachim"

Browsing Chemical Engineering by Author "Kruger, Hermanus Joachim"

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  • Characterisation of expandable graphite and its flame retardant abilities in flame retardant systems for polyethylene 
    Kruger, Hermanus Joachim (University of Pretoria, 2017)
    In the pursuit of lower cost intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems, the compound expandable graphite (EG) was identified. This compound delivers high flame retardant performance but provides non-uniform thermal shielding ...
  • Characterization of commercial expandable graphite fire retardants 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Badenhorst, Heinrich; Mhike, Washington; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Lombaard, Dewan (Elsevier, 2014-05)
    Thermal analysis and other techniques were employed to characterize two expandable graphite samples. The expansion onset temperatures of the expandable graphite’s were ca. 220 °C and 300 °C respectively. The key finding ...
  • Cone calorimeter study of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire-retardant additives 
    Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert; Ofosu, Osei (Sage, 2014-06)
    Polyethylene was flame retarded with two intumescent-type additives, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate and ethylenediamine phosphate, which differ with respect to their decomposition onset temperatures, along with varying ...
  • Flexible PVC flame retarded with expandable graphite 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Muiambo, H.F. (Herminio Francisco); Mhike, Washington; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Ofosu, Osei (Elsevier, 2014-02)
    The utility of expandable graphite as a flame retardant for PVC, plasticized with 60 phr of a phosphate ester, was investigated. Cone calorimeter results, at a radiant flux of 35 kW m-2, revealed that adding only 5 wt.% ...
  • Graphite foam from pitch and expandable graphite 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Badenhorst, Heinrich; Ramjee, Shatish; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Van Schalkwyk, Riaan; Rand, Brian (Elsevier, 2014-07)
    Graphite foams were prepared from a coal tar pitch that was partially converted into mesophase. Expandable graphite was used instead of an inert gas to ‘‘foam’’ the pitch. The resulting foam was subjected to a series of ...
  • Polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and a novel intumescent additive 
    Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert; Ofosu, Osei (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-07)
    A novel intumescent additive was synthesized by neutralizing 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride salt with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This compound, which melts at 257 °C, decomposes concurrently to release carbon ...
  • Thermal properties of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire retardant additives 
    Kruger, Hermanus Joachim; Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Mhike, Washington; Taute, A.T. (Albertus); Roberson, Albert (Wiley, 2017-10)
    Low-density polyethylene was flame retarded by combinations of expandable graphite with either ethylenediamine phosphate or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate. Cone calorimeter, laser pyrolysis, and open flame exposure tests ...